Lesson 1Mechanisms of ACL injury: biomechanics of cutting/pivoting, typical force vectors, pivot shift phenomenonWe go analyze how cutting, pivoting, and landing overload the ACL. We go detail valgus, internal rotation, and anterior shear forces, plus de pivot shift phenomenon, and how limb alignment and neuromuscular control change risk.
Knee loading during cutting and pivoting tasksValgus and internal rotation force vectorsQuadriceps-driven anterior tibial shear forcesPivot shift phenomenon and rotatory instabilityInfluence of alignment and neuromuscular controlLesson 2Collateral ligaments and posterolateral corner: MCL, LCL, posterolateral structures and their contribution to rotatory stabilityWe go look at medial and lateral collateral ligaments plus posterolateral corner structures. We go describe dem anatomy, roles in varus-valgus and rotatory stability, injury patterns, and how combined damage change ACL function and exam findings.
Superficial and deep MCL anatomy and functionLCL course, attachments, and palpation landmarksKey posterolateral corner structuresVarus–valgus and rotatory stability contributionsPatterns and grading of collateral complex injuryLesson 3Neurovascular structures around the knee relevant to examination and complicationsWe go detail major nerves and vessels wey cross knee, dem surface landmarks, and how dem vulnerable in sharp injury or swelling. We go cover exam techniques, red-flag findings, and how anatomy guide urgent referral and imaging decisions.
Course of popliteal artery and genicular branchesTibial and common peroneal nerve surface landmarksNeurovascular exam after acute knee traumaCompartment syndrome and ischemia warning signsIatrogenic neurovascular risks during proceduresLesson 4Knee joint osteology and articulations: femur, tibia, patella, tibiofemoral and patellofemoral biomechanicsWe go outline femur, tibia, patella osteology and joint surfaces. We go explain tibiofemoral and patellofemoral articulations, contact areas, alignment, linking dese to load distribution, instability patterns, and non-contact injury risk.
Distal femur condyles and intercondylar notchProximal tibia plateaus and tibial spine anatomyPatellar facets and trochlear groove morphologyTibiofemoral kinematics in flexion and rotationPatellofemoral tracking and contact mechanicsLesson 5Clinical presentation and signs of ACL tear: history features (pop, rapid swelling), Lachman, anterior drawer, pivot shift—interpretation and pitfallsWe go cover key history clues and physical exam for ACL tears. We go explain Lachman, anterior drawer, pivot shift tests, common pitfalls, and how swelling, guarding, associated injuries affect findings.
History: pop, swelling, and giving-way episodesInspection and effusion assessment techniquesPerforming and grading the Lachman testAnterior drawer and pivot shift interpretationCommon pitfalls and false negative scenariosLesson 6Common non-ligamentous soft tissues: joint capsule, synovium, fat pad, bursae and their role in effusion and painWe go describe joint capsule, synovium, fat pads, bursae around knee. We go explain how dese structures cause pain, effusion, mechanical symptoms, and how dem affected in sharp non-contact injuries and post-injury swelling.
Capsular reflections and recesses of the kneeSynovial folds, plicae, and effusion pathwaysInfrapatellar and suprapatellar fat pad anatomyMajor bursae and patterns of bursitisSoft tissue contributors to anterior knee painLesson 7Primary knee ligaments: ACL, PCL—fiber orientation, attachment sites, functional roles in stabilityWe go detail ACL and PCL fiber bundles, origins, insertions, roles in controlling translation and rotation. We go link anatomic features to injury mechanisms, clinical tests, implications for reconstruction tunnel placement.
ACL anteromedial and posterolateral bundlesPCL anterolateral and posteromedial bundlesTibial and femoral attachment site landmarksRoles in anterior, posterior, and rotatory controlAnatomic considerations for graft tunnel placementLesson 8Key anatomical resources and standards: recommended anatomy texts, MRI knee atlases, and consensus guidelines for ACL management relevant to clinical reasoningWe go summarize high-yield anatomy texts, atlases, consensus guidelines for ACL decision making. We go stress how to use dese resources to refine imaging interpretation, surgical planning, rehabilitation reasoning.
Core knee anatomy and sports medicine textbooksMRI knee atlases and online image repositoriesConsensus statements on ACL evaluationGuidelines for ACL reconstruction and rehabStrategies for integrating evidence into practiceLesson 9Imaging correlation for ACL injuries: MRI anatomy of ACL on standard sequences, common MRI signs (fiber discontinuity, edema, bone bruise), when X-ray is usefulWe go focus on MRI appearance of ACL on common sequences and planes. We go review direct and indirect MRI signs of tear, typical bone bruise patterns, when plain radiographs essential for fractures or avulsion injuries.
Normal ACL appearance on sagittal MRIPrimary MRI signs of partial and complete tearsIndirect MRI signs and pivot shift bone bruisesRole of X-ray in acute ACL-related traumaCommon MRI pitfalls and normal variantsLesson 10Menisci anatomy and attachments: medial and lateral meniscus shape, coronary ligaments, meniscotibial and meniscofemoral attachmentsWe go review medial and lateral meniscal morphology, horn attachments, capsular connections. We go explain coronary ligaments, meniscotibial and meniscofemoral attachments, how dese influence tear patterns, stability, healing potential.
Medial versus lateral meniscus shape and mobilityAnterior and posterior horn tibial insertionsCoronary ligaments and capsular attachmentsMeniscotibial and meniscofemoral ligament anatomyAnatomic basis of common meniscal tear patternsLesson 11Rehabilitation priorities from anatomic perspective: restoring quad/hamstring balance, neuromuscular control, proprioception, graft considerations and return-to-sport criteriaWe go translate anatomy into rehab priorities after ACL injury or reconstruction. We go address quadriceps-hamstring balance, neuromuscular control, proprioception, graft protection, objective anatomy-informed return-to-sport criteria.
Restoring quadriceps and hamstring strength balanceNeuromuscular and movement pattern retrainingProprioceptive and dynamic stability drillsGraft healing timelines and load progressionObjective criteria for return-to-sport clearanceLesson 12Associated injury patterns: medial meniscal tears, MCL injury, bone bruises—anatomic rationale and frequencyWe go explore how ACL rupture often come wit medial meniscal tears, MCL sprain, bone bruises. We go stress anatomic load sharing, typical bone bruise patterns, how dese injury clusters inform prognosis and imaging choices.
Load sharing between ACL, MCL, and medial meniscusTypical bone bruise locations on femur and tibiaPatterns in valgus collapse and pivoting mechanismsImaging clues to combined ligament–meniscal injuryPrognostic impact of associated structural damageLesson 13Immediate management guided by anatomy: indications for immobilization, weight-bearing decisions, urgent imaging, neurovascular checksWe go connect surface anatomy wit early sideline and emergency decisions. We go cover indications for immobilization, protected weight bearing, urgent imaging, serial neurovascular checks, emphasizing anatomy-based risk stratification and documentation.
When to immobilize versus allow early motionWeight-bearing decisions based on injured structuresIndications for urgent versus routine imagingSerial neurovascular checks and documentationRecognizing red flags requiring emergency referral
