Lesson 1Urine studies and interpretation: urinalysis, urine sediment microscopy, urine electrolytes, fractional excretion of sodium and ureaThis part explain how to get and read urine studies for AKI on CKD, like urinalysis, check sediment under microscope, urine electrolytes, and fractional excretion, to know if na prerenal, intrinsic, or postrenal cause and make diagnosis better.
Standard urinalysis and dipstick findingsSediment microscopy and key castsUrine sodium and osmolality patternsFENa, FEUrea, and their limitationsIntegrating urine data with clinical contextLesson 2Acute complications requiring urgent action: hyperkalemia, severe acidosis, pulmonary edema, uremic manifestationsThis part talk about acute problems from AKI on CKD wey need quick action, like high potassium, bad acidosis, lung water, and uremic signs, with focus on steady them and when to start emergency dialysis.
Emergency management of hyperkalemiaTreatment of severe metabolic acidosisRecognition and therapy of pulmonary edemaIdentifying uremic symptoms and signsDialysis triggers in acute complicationsLesson 3Definitions and staging of AKI and CKD, KDIGO criteria and integrationThis part go over meaning and stages of AKI and CKD, looking at KDIGO rules, how acute and chronic mix, and how stages help know prognosis, how much to watch, and when to call specialist.
KDIGO AKI diagnostic criteriaKDIGO AKI staging and prognosisCKD definition, staging, and GFR categoriesIntegrating AKI on CKD classificationsImplications for follow-up and counselingLesson 4Pathophysiology of acute on chronic kidney injury: hemodynamic, intrinsic, and postrenal causesThis part look deep into how acute on chronic kidney injury happen, splitting hemodynamic, intrinsic kidney, and postrenal ways, and connect them to patient signs, tests, and treatment wey target the problem.
Hemodynamic causes and renal perfusionIntrinsic tubular and glomerular injuryPostrenal obstruction mechanismsNeurohormonal activation in CKD and AKIPathophysiology–guided treatment choicesLesson 5Identification and management of reversible precipitants: sepsis, nephrotoxins, volume depletion or overload, obstructionThis part check how to spot and treat things wey can reverse AKI in CKD, like infection in blood, bad drugs for kidney, low or too much fluid, and block in urine, stressing quick fix to stop more kidney damage.
Recognizing sepsis and hemodynamic instabilityIdentifying and stopping nephrotoxic medicationsAssessing hypovolemia and fluid responsivenessManaging volume overload and decongestionDetecting and relieving urinary tract obstructionLesson 6Imaging indications and interpretation: renal ultrasound for obstruction, bladder scan, point-of-care ultrasound for volume statusThis part explain when and how to use scan for AKI on CKD, like kidney ultrasound for block, bladder check for hold urine, and quick ultrasound to see fluid level, heart work, and lung water.
Indications for renal ultrasoundRecognizing hydronephrosis and obstructionBladder scan for retention and retention riskPOCUS for IVC and volume assessmentLung and cardiac POCUS in AKI on CKDLesson 7Key laboratory interpretation: creatinine kinetics, BUN/creatinine ratio, electrolytes, acid-base analysis, lactateThis part focus on reading main lab results for AKI on CKD, like how creatinine change, BUN over creatinine, salts, acid-base, and lactate, to separate acute from chronic and guide quick treatment.
Creatinine trends and baseline estimationUsing BUN/creatinine ratio in contextElectrolyte patterns in AKI on CKDAcid–base analysis and anion gap useLactate, perfusion, and tissue hypoxiaLesson 8Decision-making for renal replacement therapy in AKI: indications, timing, modality selection (intermittent hemodialysis vs CRRT vs SLED)This part cover how to decide for renal replacement in AKI on CKD, like when to start, timing talk, and pick between regular dialysis, CRRT, or SLED base on blood pressure, what you get, and care goals.
Absolute and relative indications for RRTEarly versus delayed initiation strategiesChoosing intermittent HD versus CRRTWhen to use SLED and hybrid approachesAnticoagulation and access considerationsLesson 9Interdisciplinary communication with ICU, ED, primary teams and nursing for urgent AKI careThis part stress good talk between ICU, ED, main teams, and nurses for urgent AKI care, focus on same thinking, clear job share, when to call higher, and standard handoff to make safety better.
Essential data to share during handoffClarifying roles and responsibilitiesEscalation criteria and rapid responseCommunicating dialysis urgency and plansDocumentation and closed-loop communicationLesson 10Initial rapid bedside assessment: history, focused exam, volume status, hemodynamicsThis part outline quick bedside way for AKI on CKD, mix short history, target check body, fluid status, and blood flow check to quick find life danger and likely AKI cause.
Key history elements in AKI on CKDFocused exam for perfusion and congestionBedside tools for volume status assessmentBlood pressure, MAP, and perfusion targetsRisk stratification for deterioration and ICU
