Lesson 1Enhancement reagents and enzymes (e.g., anti-human globulin [AHG], potentiators) and their indicationsDis describe enhancement reagents and enzymes like AHG, LISS, PEG, proteolytic enzymes. E cover how dem work, when to use, limits, safety in antibody find and match test.
Direct and indirect AHG test principlesLISS, PEG, and other potentiatorsEnzymes and their effects on antigensIndications for using enhancement mediaLimitations, pitfalls, and safety issuesLesson 2Advantages and limitations of each method and criteria for selecting an approach in emergency transfusion settingsDis analyze good and bad of each grouping method, like tube, slide, microplate, gel. E give criteria for pick method in emergency, big transfusion, low resource place.
Strengths and weaknesses of tube testingPros and cons of slide and microplate useBenefits and limits of gel technologyChoosing methods in emergency settingsBalancing speed, accuracy, and resourcesLesson 3Comparison of methods: tube (classic), slide, microplate, and gel column techniques — principles, sensitivity, specificity, throughputDis compare tube, slide, microplate, gel column agglutination. E explain principles, steps, sensitivity, specificity, speed, use in normal, reference, high-volume lab.
Principles of tube agglutination testingSlide method workflow and limitationsMicroplate automation and throughputGel column technology and interpretationComparing sensitivity and specificityLesson 4Equipment list and maintenance: centrifuges, incubators, pipettes, rotators, gel card readers, microscopes, and safety equipmentDis review must-have equipment for blood grouping, like centrifuge, incubator, pipette, rotator, gel reader, microscope, safety gear. E discuss calibrate, maintain, check performance.
Centrifuges and rotor performance checksIncubators, temperature mapping, alarmsPipettes, rotators, and mixers verificationGel card readers and microscopes carePreventive maintenance and service recordsLesson 5Reagent red cells for reverse grouping: pooled A1, B, and O cells — preparation, storage, and quality checksDis focus on reagent red cells for reverse grouping, A1, B, O cells. E describe prepare, pool, label, store, stability, quality check for sure reverse typing correct.
Selection of A1, B, and O donor cellsPreparation and pooling of reagent cellsLabeling, storage, and stability limitsDaily quality checks and grading reactionsTroubleshooting weak or unexpected resultsLesson 6Monoclonal and polyclonal reagents: anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB, anti-D (IgG/IgM blends) characteristics and expiry/lot testingDis explore monoclonal polyclonal anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB, anti-D, IgG/IgM mix. E cover specific, strength, limits, store, stability, expiry, lot test in daily use.
Monoclonal vs polyclonal reagent propertiesAnti-A, anti-B, and anti-AB performance featuresAnti-D IgG, IgM, and blend characteristicsStorage, stability, and expiry managementNew lot verification and acceptance testsLesson 7Regulatory and manufacturer instructions: following IFU, lot-to-lot verification, and documenting method validation/competencyDis detail rule expectations and maker instructions. E stress follow IFU, lot-to-lot check, method validate, competency test, document for audit and approval.
Reading and interpreting reagent IFURegulatory and accreditation requirementsLot-to-lot verification planningMethod validation and verification recordsCompetency assessment and retrainingLesson 8Control materials: positive/negative controls for ABO and Rh, weak D and reagent verification controlsDis cover pick and use positive negative control for ABO Rh test. Include weak D control, reagent verify, how often, fix fail, document results.
Types of positive and negative controlsABO forward and reverse grouping controlsRh and weak D control strategiesReagent verification and daily QCInterpreting and documenting control failures
