Lesson 1Short-term physiological effects: central nervous system, motor function, sleep, and acute intoxicationCover quick effects of alcohol on brain, behavior, and body. Look at dose-related CNS slowdown, motor and thinking problems, sleep mess-up, acute intoxication issues, and tings dat change short-term reactions.
Dose-response and blood alcohol levelsCNS depression and neurochemical changesMotor incoordination and reaction timeEffects on sleep architecture and qualityClinical features of acute intoxicationRisk factors for accidents and injuriesLesson 2Long-term effects on mental health: depression, anxiety, suicidality, and interaction with psychiatric medicationsLook into how long alcohol use mess up mental health, causing depression, anxiety, suicide thoughts, and relapse. Cover two-way links, diagnosis wahala, and mixing wit psychiatric meds and treatments.
Alcohol and depressive disordersAnxiety, panic, and alcohol useSuicidal ideation and attempt riskDiagnostic overlap and masking effectsInteractions with antidepressants and mood stabilizersIntegrated treatment and relapse preventionLesson 3Long-term organ-specific effects: brain (cognitive impairment, Wernicke-Korsakoff), neuroadaptation and dependenceFocus on long alcohol effects on brain, like thinking decline, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and body changes. Explain neuroadaptation, tolerance, dependence, and connect to clinical check and prevention.
Cognitive impairment and dementia riskThiamine deficiency and Wernicke-KorsakoffStructural and functional brain changesMechanisms of tolerance and sensitizationNeural circuits of dependence and cravingScreening and neurocognitive assessmentLesson 4Metabolism and elimination: alcohol dehydrogenase, CYP2E1, acetaldehyde, first-pass metabolism, elimination kineticsDetail enzyme paths dat clear ethanol, like alcohol dehydrogenase, CYP2E1, and catalase. Explain acetaldehyde poison, first-pass metabolism, zero-order kinetics, gene types, and how sickness and drugs change clearance.
Alcohol dehydrogenase pathwaysCYP2E1 induction and toxic byproductsAcetaldehyde formation and detoxificationFirst-pass metabolism and gut-liver axisZero-order kinetics and clinical implicationsGenetic polymorphisms affecting metabolismLesson 5Distribution of alcohol: blood alcohol concentration, body water, sex and age differencesExplain how ethanol spread in body water, how blood alcohol level get fix, and how sex, age, body build, and pregnancy affect levels. Bring in Widmark ideas and meaning for testing and dosing.
Volume of distribution and body waterWidmark formula and BAC estimationSex differences in BAC and effectsAge-related pharmacokinetic changesImpact of obesity and body compositionPregnancy and lactation considerationsLesson 6Interactions with common comorbidities and medications (antihypertensives, diabetes medications, psychotropics)Check how alcohol mix wit common long sickness and meds, like blood pressure drugs, diabetes meds, and mind drugs. Talk pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mixing and clinical management ways.
Effects on blood pressure and heart drugsInteractions with diabetes medicationsAlcohol and psychotropic drug synergyHepatic metabolism and drug levelsAlcohol in chronic pain and opioidsCounseling patients on safe useLesson 7Ethanol absorption: oral intake, gastric emptying, and factors affecting rateCheck how ethanol get absorb afta mouth intake, including stomach and small intestine parts. Talk stomach emptying, food effects, drink strength, and oda tings dat change absorption speed and peak BAC.
Sites and mechanisms of ethanol absorptionRole of gastric emptying and motilityInfluence of food and meal compositionBeverage concentration and carbonationEffects of GI disease and surgeryPractical ways to slow absorptionLesson 8Alcohol withdrawal physiology and risk factors for severe withdrawal (delirium tremens, seizures)Describe brain biology of alcohol withdrawal, from small signs to delirium tremens and fits. Check receptor changes, body overdrive, risk factors for bad withdrawal, and clinical risk sorting principles.
Neuroadaptation of GABA and glutamateAutonomic hyperactivity mechanismsClinical spectrum of withdrawal signsPathophysiology of seizures and DTsRisk factors for complicated withdrawalAssessment tools and risk stratificationLesson 9Long-term organ-specific effects: liver (steatosis, hepatitis, cirrhosis) and pathophysiologyLook how long alcohol use damage liver, from fat build-up to hepatitis and cirrhosis. Check cell ways, scar paths, clinical signs, and how amount, use pattern, and oda sickness shape disease risk.
Progression from steatosis to cirrhosisHepatocellular injury and oxidative stressInflammation, fibrosis, and stellate cellsClinical features and diagnostic evaluationImpact of nutrition, obesity, and viral hepatitisLesson 10Long-term organ-specific effects: cardiovascular system (hypertension, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia)Analyze long heart effects of alcohol, like high blood pressure, heart muscle weakness, and irregular beat. Check dose-response data, damage ways, clinical shows, and meaning for risk talk.
Blood pressure changes and mechanismsAlcoholic cardiomyopathy pathophysiologyArrhythmias, including atrial fibrillationInteractions with cardiovascular drugsReversibility with abstinence or reductionRisk communication and patient advice
