Lesson 1Pharmacokinetics, formulations, dosing schedules, and routes of administrationDis part go tell bout absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of GLP-1 RAs, dual incretins, SGLT2 inhibitors, and fixed-ratio insulin/GLP-1 products, connect pharmacokinetics to dosing times, titration, and how to choose route.
Onset, peak, and duration of GLP-1 receptor agonistsOral versus injectable incretin formulationsRenal handling and half-life of SGLT2 inhibitorsFixed-ratio insulin/GLP-1 titration strategiesAdjusting doses in organ dysfunction and frailtyLesson 2Common therapeutic effects: glycemic control, weight change, blood pressure and cardiorenal effectsDis part go check expected effects of new medicines on HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glucose, body weight, blood pressure, and cardiorenal outcomes. E go show class differences, dose-response patterns, and real targets for shared decisions.
HbA1c and time-in-range improvements by classWeight loss profiles of GLP-1 and dual incretinsBlood pressure and volume effects of SGLT2 inhibitorsCardiovascular outcome benefits and neutral findingsRenal protection and albuminuria reduction patternsLesson 3Contraindications, cautions and special populations: renal impairment thresholds, hepatic impairment, personal/family medullary thyroid carcinoma/MEN2, pregnancy and lactationDis part go cover no-go areas and cautions for new medicines, including renal and hepatic impairment levels, thyroid C-cell disease, MEN2, pregnancy, lactation, frailty, and old people, with big stress on risk-benefit check.
eGFR thresholds for SGLT2 and incretin therapiesHepatic impairment and dose adjustment needsMedullary thyroid carcinoma and MEN2 precautionsUse in pregnancy, lactation, and preconceptionElderly, frail, and multimorbid patient considerationsLesson 4Mechanisms of action: GLP-1 receptor agonists, dual/triple incretin agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, fixed-ratio insulin/GLP-1 combosDis part go explain how GLP-1 receptor agonists, dual and triple incretin agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and fixed-ratio insulin/GLP-1 combos work, link molecular actions to clinical benefits, risks, and smart drug pick.
GLP-1 receptor signaling and beta-cell effectsDual and triple incretin agonists: rationale and dataRenal glucose transport and SGLT2 inhibitionSynergy in fixed-ratio insulin/GLP-1 productsMechanistic basis for cardiorenal protectionLesson 5Reading and applying guideline statements: how to extract recommendations from ADA, EASD, ESC, KDIGO, and national guidelines for therapy choice and sequencingDis part go show how to read ADA, EASD, ESC, KDIGO, and national guidelines. Big focus on pulling graded recommendations, fixing differences, and turning algorithms into personal therapy choices and order.
Structure of ADA, EASD, ESC, KDIGO documentsStrength of recommendation and evidence gradingPrioritizing cardiorenal risk in treatment algorithmsReconciling conflicting guidance across societiesAdapting global guidance to national formulariesLesson 6Drug interactions with commonly used medications in diabetes, CV disease, and lipid-lowering therapyDis part go check pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between new glucose-lowering drugs and common meds for high blood pressure, heart failure, bad lipids, and antiplatelet therapy, focus on safety and work in many meds mix.
Interactions with ACE inhibitors and ARBsLoop and thiazide diuretics with SGLT2 inhibitorsStatins, fibrates, and newer glucose-lowering drugsAntiplatelet and anticoagulant co-therapy issuesManaging complex polypharmacy in older adultsLesson 7Interpreting clinical trial endpoints: HbA1c reduction, body weight, MACE, heart-failure hospitalization, renal composite outcomesDis part go teach how to read clinical trial endpoints, like HbA1c change, weight loss, MACE, heart-failure hospital stay, renal composites, and safety outcomes, stress absolute risk, NNT, and patient-center importance.
Glycemic endpoints: HbA1c, TIR, and durabilityWeight and metabolic syndrome outcomesMACE and expanded cardiovascular endpointsHeart-failure hospitalization and diuretic sparingRenal composite endpoints and slope analysesLesson 8Major adverse effects and safety signals: GI effects, pancreatitis concerns, euglycemic DKA, genital infections, hypoglycemia risk with combosDis part go check big bad effects and safety signs of new medicines, including stomach trouble, pancreatitis worry, euglycemic DKA, genital and urinary infections, volume loss, and low sugar when mix with insulin or sulfonylureas.
Gastrointestinal effects and mitigation strategiesPancreatitis and gallbladder disease signalsEuglycemic DKA: recognition and preventionGenital and urinary infections with SGLT2 drugsHypoglycemia risk in combination regimens
