Lesson 1Flow and speed control parts: flow control valves, needle valves, one-way flow controls, quick exhaust valvesYou go learn how flow and speed control things shape how actuators move. The part compare needle valves, one-way flow controls, and quick exhaust valves, with advice on meter-in versus meter-out setups.
Needle valves versus flow control valvesMeter-in versus meter-out configurationsOne-way flow controls for cylinder speedQuick exhaust valves for fast retractionAvoiding instability and stick-slip motionLesson 2Air preparation units: filter, regulator, lubricator (FRL) functions and selection guidelinesThis part explain the work of FRL units in protecting pneumatic systems. You go learn how filters, regulators, and lubricators do their job, how to size dem, and how to pick layouts wey match air quality and flow needs.
Filter grades and water removal methodsRegulator types, ranges, and droop behaviorLubricator principles and when to avoid oilSizing FRLs for flow and pressure stabilityFRL placement, bypass, and maintenance plansLesson 3Basic properties of compressed air: pressure, flow, temperature, compressibility, units (psi, bar, l/min)This part review key properties of compressed air and their units. You go connect pressure, flow, temperature, and compressibility to real happenings in circuits, including pressure drop and energy use.
Gauge versus absolute pressure conceptsFlow units: l/min, SCFM, and NL/minTemperature effects on density and moistureCompressibility and pressure drop basicsEnergy use and leakage impact on costsLesson 4Sensors and feedback devices: pneumatic and electronic proximity sensors, mechanical limit switches, cushioning switchesThis part show common pneumatic sensing and feedback choices. You go compare mechanical, pneumatic, and electronic devices, and learn how to mount, protect, and wire dem for good position signals.
Mechanical limit switches and camsPneumatic signal sensors and logic useMagnetic proximity and reed sensorsElectronic proximity and analog feedbackMounting, wiring, and protection practicesLesson 5Pneumatic actuator types: single-acting vs double-acting cylinders, rodless cylinders, guided cylinders, cushioning and mounting stylesYou go explore main pneumatic actuator types and their uses. The part compare single-acting, double-acting, rodless, and guided cylinders, including cushioning, mounting, and selection trade-offs.
Single-acting versus double-acting cylindersRodless cylinders for long strokesGuided cylinders for side load controlAdjustable cushioning and end stopsMounting styles and alignment issuesLesson 6Valve types and functions: 2/2, 3/2, 4/2, 5/2 directional control valves, pilot-operated vs direct-acting, spring return vs detentedThis part explain common directional valve symbols and functions. You go compare 2/2, 3/2, 4/2, and 5/2 valves, direct-acting versus pilot-operated designs, and spring return versus detented actuation.
Reading valve porting and position symbols2/2 and 3/2 valves for on-off and actuation4/2 and 5/2 valves for cylinder controlDirect-acting versus pilot-operated valvesSpring return, detented, and manual overridesLesson 7Force and stroke calculations: converting pressure to force, effective piston area, accounting for push/pull force differences and frictionYou go learn how to turn pressure into useful force and stroke work. The part cover piston area, push versus pull force, friction allowances, and safety factors used when sizing cylinders for jobs.
Calculating piston and annulus areasConverting pressure to theoretical forceAccounting for friction and efficiency lossPush versus pull force and rod bucklingStroke length, work, and safety factorsLesson 8Pressure safety components: pressure relief valves, safety valves, and pressure switchesHere you study devices wey protect people and equipment from too much pressure. The part compare relief valves, safety valves, and pressure switches, covering setpoint choice, installation, testing, and applicable standards.
Functions of relief and safety valvesPressure switch types and contact logicSelecting setpoints and blowdown marginsInstallation rules for discharge pipingInspection, testing, and documentationLesson 9Materials and fittings: tubing materials, fittings, lubricants, seals compatibility and contamination considerationsThis part cover tubing, fittings, seals, and lubricants used in pneumatics. You go compare materials, pressure ratings, and chemical compatibility, and learn how contamination and bad selection reduce system life.
Tubing materials, ratings, and bend limitsPush-in, compression, and threaded fittingsSeal materials and media compatibilityLubricant types and interaction with sealsContamination sources and cleanliness controlLesson 10Common cylinder sizes and typical force ranges for small press-fit applications (approx. values for 1/4"–1" bore)Here you relate bore size to achievable force for small press-fit tasks. The part provide approximate force tables for 1/4"–1" bores, discuss stroke limits, and highlight safety margins and fixture stiffness.
Typical bores from 1/4 inch to 1 inchForce estimates at common supply pressuresEffect of stroke and speed on press qualityGuiding, fixturing, and side load limitsSafety margins for repeatable press forces
