Lesson 1Figurin bandwidth and stability: closed-loop bandwidth from op-amp GBW, phase margin ting, and fix-up methodsWe work out closed-loop bandwidth from op-amp gain-bandwidth and feedback part, den link phase margin to stability and quick response. Fix-up ways for cap loads and high gains come wid design tips.
Relate GBW, feedback factor, and bandwidthInterpret Bode plots and phase margin targetsIdentify signs of marginal or unstable loopsDesign compensation for capacitive loadingCheck stability across process and temperatureLesson 2Pickin parts practical: findin and readin op-amp datasheets (sensor-grade amp examples)Dis part teach how to read and compare op-amp sheets for sensor work. You go focus on noise, offset, input range, power choices, packin, and quick check parts gainst system needs.
Identify sensor-grade amplifier familiesInterpret input offset and drift specificationsEvaluate noise, CMRR, and PSRR parametersCheck input and output voltage rangesAssess package, power, and cost constraintsLesson 3SPICE sim plan for amp block: stimulus sources (diff sine, common-mode, noise), AC check, transient, noise check, offset/error measureDis part build structured SPICE plan for amp block, set stimuli, checks, measures. You go learn verify gain, bandwidth, noise, offset, common-mode before PCB layout.
Define simulation objectives and key metricsSet up differential and common-mode sourcesPlan AC, transient, and noise analysesMeasure gain, offset, and linearity in SPICEOrganize testbenches for reuse and reviewLesson 4Designin for input impedance: ways to get high diff and common-mode input impedanceWe look how to get high input impedance for diff and common-mode signals usin op-amp inputs, buffer stages, resistor picks, while holdin bias currents, leaks, bandwidth limits.
Define differential and common-mode impedanceUse buffer stages to isolate sensor loadingControl bias currents and leakage pathsGuarding and PCB techniques for high ZTrade-offs between impedance and bandwidthLesson 5Design notes checklist: list calculations, assumptions, part numbers, margin check for PCB handoffDis part set strict notes pack for amp and sensor front-end, catch calculations, assumptions, part picks, margins so PCB, layout, test teams do circuit sure.
List design assumptions and operating conditionsRecord key equations and intermediate calculationsDocument part numbers and critical parametersCapture margin analysis and derating choicesDefine required tests and acceptance criteriaLesson 6Op-amp main params and pick process: input noise density, bias current, offset, GBW, slew rate, CMRR, PSRR, supply rangeWe check key op-amp params for small sensor links and build repeat pick process. Focus on noise density, bias current, GBW, slew rate, CMRR, PSRR, supply gainst needs.
Relate GBW and slew rate to signal bandwidthUnderstand input noise density and filtersBias current and source impedance interactionCMRR, PSRR, and supply rejection needsStep-by-step op-amp selection checklistLesson 7Resistor setups and gain calc for diff amps and instr amps: work gain equations and load effectsWe work gain equations for diff and instr amp styles, includin resistor rules and loadin. Focus on matchin, CMRR, how sensor and ADC loads change gain.
Gain equations for basic differential stagesThree-op-amp instrumentation amp gain designImpact of resistor matching on CMRR and gainLoading from sensor and ADC input impedanceSelecting resistor values and power ratingsLesson 8Set amp target specs: gain, bandwidth, input impedance, offset, drift, noise budgetDis part show how turn system sensor needs to amp targets for gain, bandwidth, input impedance, offset, drift, noise. You go make short spec table guide style and parts.
Translate sensor and ADC requirementsDefine gain, bandwidth, and headroom limitsSet input impedance and loading constraintsAllocate offset and drift performance goalsCreate a formal amplifier spec tableLesson 9Graspin diff sensor signals: source impedance, common-mode, diff-mode ideasDis part explain diff sensor ways, includin source impedance, common-mode level, diff signal range. You go learn how dese affect noise, loadin, amp style and ref scheme.
Define differential and common-mode componentsCharacterize sensor source impedance vs frequencyDetermine allowable common-mode voltage rangeRelate sensor specs to amplifier input limitsPlan cabling, shielding, and reference routingLesson 10Style pick for small diff signals: instr amp, diff amp, diff-stage wid front buffer — trade-offs and casesDis part compare instr amps, diff amps, buffered diff stages for small diff signals. You go learn trade-offs in CMRR, noise, input range, cost, layout hard for each.
Review classic differential amplifier stageThree-op-amp instrumentation amplifier useBuffered difference stage with front-end gainCompare CMRR, noise, and input rangeGuidelines for topology selection by sensorLesson 11Offset and drift budget: calc DC error from input offset, bias currents, resistor tol, heat effectsHere we build number DC error budget, mix op-amp offset, bias currents, resistor mismatch, temp drift. You go learn share error limits, calc worst and RSS total, link to sensor true.
Define DC accuracy and allowable error budgetModel input offset and bias current effectsInclude resistor tolerance and mismatch termsAccount for temperature coefficients and driftCompare worst-case versus RSS error methodsLesson 12Noise sources in low signals: Johnson noise, amp input noise, outside messWe spot and count noise sources in low sensor signals, includin resistor heat noise, amp input noise, outside mess. Ways for model, budget, cut total noise come in.
Johnson noise of resistors and sensorsOp-amp voltage and current noise modelsInput-referred versus output noise conceptsEnvironmental and interference coupling pathsNoise budgeting and reduction strategiesLesson 13Expected sim plots and measures: gain vs freq, phase, input noise, output noise spec, transient to 1 kHz sine, worst offset casesDis part set key plots and measures from sim and bench. You go link Bode plots, noise specs, transient, offset sweeps to first specs and error budgets.
Gain and phase versus frequency Bode plotsInput-referred and output noise spectraTransient response to sine and step inputsOffset versus common-mode and temperatureCompare simulated and measured performance
