Lesson 1Hazard 2 — Rotor wash and downwash effects: causes, consequences, perimeter control and shieldingThis lesson looks at rotor wash and downwash effects on people, vehicles, and loose items. It covers risk causes, safe paths, boundary control, shielding fixes, and talking to ground crew.
Aerodynamic basics of rotor washRisk factors and vulnerable areasSecuring loose equipment and loadsPerimeter control and exclusion zonesUse of barriers and physical shieldingBriefing and training ground staffLesson 2Hazard 1 — Foreign Object Debris (FOD): causes, consequences, detection and mitigationThis lesson covers FOD sources from loose parts to rubbish, and their harm to engines, rotors, and people. It explains checks, spotting tools, cleaning rules, and reporting to stop repeats.
Typical FOD sources at heliportsConsequences for aircraft and peopleFOD inspection routes and frequencyUse of FOD containers and toolsHousekeeping and contractor controlsFOD reporting and trend analysisLesson 3Hazard 7 — Lighting failures at night operations: causes, checks, backup lighting and NOTAM proceduresThis lesson examines lighting faults in night ops, including causes, spotting, and backups. It details check routines, fault handling, temp lights, and NOTAM steps for flight safety.
Types of heliport lighting systemsCommon lighting failure modesPreflight and nightly lighting checksUse of backup and portable lightingNOTAM criteria and issue processMaintenance and fault rectificationLesson 4Hazard 3 — Fuel handling and refueling hazards: bonding/grounding, spill sources, storage and SOPsThis lesson explains fuel risks like fire, blasts, dirt, and environment harm. It covers bonding/grounding, storage rules, transfer steps, emergency moves, and records.
Fuel properties and ignition sourcesBonding and grounding proceduresFuel storage and tank farm layoutRefueling SOPs and checklistsSpill prevention and containmentFuel fire and spill emergency actionsLesson 5Hazard 6 — Unauthorized access and ground vehicle/pedestrian conflicts: perimeter security, signage, access controlThis lesson covers unapproved entry, vehicle intrusions, and walker clashes on the heliport. It focuses on boundary security, entry control, signs, escorts, and links with security and management.
Perimeter fencing and physical barriersAccess control systems and passesVehicle route planning and controlPedestrian routing and escort rulesSignage, markings, and warningsIncident reporting and investigationLesson 6Hazard 4 — Obstacles and incursions during approach/departure: causes, mitigation, obstacle controlThis lesson tackles obstacles and intrusions on approach/departure paths. It covers obstacle checks, safety zones, temp works, animals, and steps to stop unapproved moves in key spots.
Defining approach and departure surfacesIdentifying permanent obstaclesManaging temporary cranes and worksWildlife and drone incursion risksMarking, lighting, and charting obstaclesProcedures for obstacle reportingLesson 7Hazard 8 — Simultaneous or converging arrivals and communications breakdowns: sequencing, holding procedures, and delegation of landing authorityThis lesson checks risks from same-time or crossing arrivals and comms failures. It covers ordering, holding, standard talk, and clear landing rights between pilots and heliport staff.
Traffic patterns and capacity limitsArrival and departure sequencingHolding procedures near heliportsStandard radio calls and phraseologyDelegation of landing authorityManaging communication failuresLesson 8Assigning risk levels and mitigation hierarchy: eliminate, reduce, control, accept; residual risk documentationThis lesson shows how to grade risks, use the fix order, and record leftover risk. It covers decision points, acceptance rules, and tracking/review of risk controls in heliport work.
Defining risk categories and bandsApplying the mitigation hierarchySetting risk acceptance criteriaDocumenting residual risk decisionsMonitoring control effectivenessEscalation and management reviewLesson 9Hazard 5 — Adverse weather and visibility (including coastal fog): triggers, minima and operational limitsThis lesson checks bad weather and sight risks like fog, low clouds, wind, rain. It sets triggers, limits, and explains weather watch, decisions, and backup plans.
Key weather hazards for heliportsVisibility and ceiling assessmentWind, turbulence, and gust factorsDefining local weather minimaWeather monitoring tools and sourcesLow-visibility operating proceduresLesson 10Risk assessment frameworks: qualitative vs quantitative risk matrices, likelihood and consequence scalesThis lesson explains simple and number-based risk checks at heliports, focusing on chance and impact scales, chart setup, data sources. It stresses steady scoring, records, and risk reviews.
Qualitative risk assessment stepsQuantitative data sources and limitsDesigning likelihood rating scalesDesigning consequence rating scalesBuilding and using risk matricesReviewing and updating risk models
