Lesson 1Time-out process: components, team communication strategies, and documentationThis lesson explains the time-out before surgery, key parts, team roles, communication tips, and recording it, showing how pauses stop wrong-site surgery and keep everyone on the same page.
Core elements of the surgical time-outRoles of nurse, surgeon, and anesthesiaVerbal confirmation and closed-loop talkAddressing discrepancies before incisionDocumenting time-out and late entriesLesson 2OR admission and identification procedures: patient transport, monitoring hookup, and baseline vitalsThis lesson reviews safe entry to theatre, ID checks, moving from pre-op, table transfer, monitor setup, and starting vital signs record to keep care continuous and avoid mix-ups.
Verification of patient identity and consentSafe transport and handoff from pre-opTransfer techniques and fall preventionInitial monitoring hookup and lead placementBaseline vitals and pre-induction assessmentLesson 3Intraoperative monitoring priorities for patients with HTN and T2DM: BP trends, glucose monitoring, temperature controlThis lesson covers key monitoring during surgery for high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes patients, tracking blood pressure changes, sugar levels, body heat, and spotting instability early.
Baseline assessment for HTN and T2DM risksNoninvasive and invasive BP trend monitoringIntraoperative glucose checks and insulin useTemperature monitoring and warming strategiesRecognizing hemodynamic and metabolic red flagsLesson 4Skin prep and antisepsis specific to upper abdominal laparoscopyThis lesson details skin cleaning and germ-killing for upper belly laparoscopy, checking site, hair removal, antiseptic choice, application, drying, and avoiding dirt during draping and port insertion.
Pre-assessment of skin, scars, and infection riskHair removal methods and timingChoosing appropriate antiseptic agentsApplication patterns and required dry timesMaintaining prep integrity during drapingLesson 5Communication with surgeon and anaesthesia: reporting, escalation, and crisis resource managementThis lesson teaches clear talk between circulating nurse, surgeon, and anaesthesia, routine updates, raising issues, and handling crises to keep care safe and coordinated.
Standardized intraoperative reportingNotifying changes in vitals and trendsEscalating equipment or safety concernsClosed-loop communication in crisesUsing CRM principles during emergenciesLesson 6Sterile field maintenance: gowning/gloving, sterile draping for laparoscopy, trocar sites, and smoke plume managementThis lesson focuses on keeping the sterile area clean in laparoscopy, proper gowning/gloving, draping, port site care, and handling surgery smoke safely for patient and staff protection.
Assisted and self-gowning and glovingDraping sequence for upper abdomen casesMaintaining sterility at trocar insertion sitesHandling and passing laparoscopic instrumentsSmoke plume evacuation and filter useLesson 7Instrument and device management: laparoscopic instrument sets, electrosurgery, insufflation equipment, and portsThis lesson covers safe use of laparoscopic tools, electric cutters, gas pumps, and ports, setup, checks, fixes, and team work to avoid injuries, burns, or delays.
Laparoscopic tray components and inspectionElectrosurgical unit setup and safety checksInsufflator setup, alarms, and pressure limitsPort selection, placement, and fixationCable, tubing, and cord organizationLesson 8Management of common intraoperative events: hypotension, bleeding, equipment failure, retained item protocolsThis lesson addresses spotting and handling common surgery events like low blood pressure, bleeding, equipment faults, and lost items, with quick talk, records, and safety steps.
Assessment and response to hypotensionRecognition and control of intraoperative bleedingTroubleshooting critical equipment failuresRetained item risk factors and preventionEscalation pathways and event documentationLesson 9Counts protocol: sponge, instrument, and needle counts—timing, documentation, and discrepanciesThis lesson outlines counting steps for swabs, tools, and needles, when to do them, recording, and fixing mismatches to avoid left-behind items and keep records straight.
Initial, intraoperative, and final count timingRoles and communication during countsDocumentation requirements and count sheetsManaging count discrepancies and searchesUse of adjunct technologies for countsLesson 10Positioning for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: supine with Trendelenburg/tilt, padding, pressure point protection, and hemodynamic implicationsThis lesson describes safe positioning for gallbladder removal by laparoscopy, flat with tilts, padding, pressure protection, securing patient, and effects on blood flow and breathing from position and gas.
Pre-positioning assessment and planningSupine and reverse Trendelenburg setupLateral tilt and table adjustmentsPadding, straps, and nerve protectionHemodynamic and respiratory implications
