Lesson 1Hazard 2 — Rotor wash an' downwash effects: causes, consequences, perimeter control an' shieldin'Explore rotor wash an' downwash effects pon people, vehicles, an' loose objects. Address risk factors, safe approach paths, perimeter control, shieldin' solutions, an' communication wid groun' personnel.
Aerodynamic basics of rotor washRisk factors and vulnerable areasSecuring loose equipment and loadsPerimeter control and exclusion zonesUse of barriers and physical shieldingBriefing and training ground staffLesson 2Hazard 1 — Foreign Object Debris (FOD): causes, consequences, detection an' mitigationCover FOD sources, from loose hardware to litter, an' dem impact pon engines, rotors, an' personnel. Explain inspection routines, detection tools, housekeeping standards, an' reportin' to prevent recurrence.
Typical FOD sources at heliportsConsequences for aircraft and peopleFOD inspection routes and frequencyUse of FOD containers and toolsHousekeeping and contractor controlsFOD reporting and trend analysisLesson 3Hazard 7 — Lightin' failures at night operations: causes, checks, backup lightin' an' NOTAM proceduresExplore lightin' failures durin' night operations, includin' causes, detection, an' backup options. Detail inspection routines, fault response, temporary lightin', an' NOTAM procedures to protect flight safety.
Types of heliport lighting systemsCommon lighting failure modesPreflight and nightly lighting checksUse of backup and portable lightingNOTAM criteria and issue processMaintenance and fault rectificationLesson 4Hazard 3 — Fuel handlin' an' refuelin' hazards: bondin'/groundin', spill sources, storage an' SOPsExplain fuel handlin' hazards includin' fire, explosion, contamination, an' environmental harm. Cover bondin' an' groundin', storage standards, transfer procedures, emergency actions, an' documentation.
Fuel properties and ignition sourcesBonding and grounding proceduresFuel storage and tank farm layoutRefueling SOPs and checklistsSpill prevention and containmentFuel fire and spill emergency actionsLesson 5Hazard 6 — Unauthorized access an' groun' vehicle/pedestrian conflicts: perimeter security, signin', access controlCover unauthorized access, vehicle incursions, an' pedestrian conflicts pon di heliport. Focus pon perimeter security, access control, signin', escortin', an' coordination wid security an' facility management.
Perimeter fencing and physical barriersAccess control systems and passesVehicle route planning and controlPedestrian routing and escort rulesSignage, markings, and warningsIncident reporting and investigationLesson 6Hazard 4 — Obstacles an' incursions durin' approach/departure: causes, mitigation, obstacle controlAddress obstacles an' incursions affectin' approach an' departure paths. Cover obstacle surveys, safeguardin' surfaces, temporary works, wildlife, an' procedures to prevent unauthorized movements in critical areas.
Defining approach and departure surfacesIdentifying permanent obstaclesManaging temporary cranes and worksWildlife and drone incursion risksMarking, lighting, and charting obstaclesProcedures for obstacle reportingLesson 7Hazard 8 — Simultaneous or convergin' arrivals an' communications breakdowns: sequencin', holdin' procedures, an' delegation of landin' authorityAnalyze risks from simultaneous or convergin' arrivals an' communication breakdowns. Cover sequencin', holdin', standard phraseology, an' clear delegation of landin' authority between pilots an' heliport staff.
Traffic patterns and capacity limitsArrival and departure sequencingHolding procedures near heliportsStandard radio calls and phraseologyDelegation of landing authorityManaging communication failuresLesson 8Assignin' risk levels an' mitigation hierarchy: eliminate, reduce, control, accept; residual risk documentationDetail how to classify risks, apply di mitigation hierarchy, an' document residual risk. Cover decision thresholds, acceptance criteria, an' how to justify, track, an' review risk controls in heliport operations.
Defining risk categories and bandsApplying the mitigation hierarchySetting risk acceptance criteriaDocumenting residual risk decisionsMonitoring control effectivenessEscalation and management reviewLesson 9Hazard 5 — Adverse weather an' visibility (includin' coastal fog): triggers, minima an' operational limitsExamine adverse weather an' visibility hazards, includin' fog, low cloud, win', an' precipitation. Define triggers, minima, an' limits, an' explain weather monitorin', decision makin', an' contingency plannin'.
Key weather hazards for heliportsVisibility and ceiling assessmentWind, turbulence, and gust factorsDefining local weather minimaWeather monitoring tools and sourcesLow-visibility operating proceduresLesson 10Risk assessment frameworks: qualitative vs quantitative risk matrices, likelihood an' consequence scalesExplain qualitative an' quantitative risk assessment at heliports, focusin' pon likelihood an' consequence scales, matrix design, an' data sources. Emphasize consistent scorin', documentation, an' review of changin' operational risks.
Qualitative risk assessment stepsQuantitative data sources and limitsDesigning likelihood rating scalesDesigning consequence rating scalesBuilding and using risk matricesReviewing and updating risk models
