Lesson 1Safety checks before family come: collapse risk, utility checks, access routesDis part cover safety checks before family reach, includin soil stability, collapse risks, buried utilities, vehicle an pedestrian access, an emergency plannin, ensure di site secure an respectful before family get to di graveside.
Visual inspection for cracks and slumpsLocating and marking buried utilitiesAssessing vehicle and hearse access routesPedestrian paths and trip hazard controlWeather, lighting, and visibility checksEmergency response and rescue planningLesson 2Tools, equipment, an PPE checklist: shovels, picks, boards, ropes, lowering devicesCheck essential tools, equipment, an PPE fi grave preparation, includin hand tools, boards, ropes, lowering devices, an inspection routines, makin sure everyting fit fi purpose, safe storage, an ready before di funeral service.
Core hand tools and their upkeepBoards, ladders, and access aidsRopes, slings, and lowering gearPPE for excavation and handlingPre-use inspection and defect logsStorage, transport, and securityLesson 3Managing spoil: placement, stabilization, contamination avoidance, erosion controlDis part detail how fi place, shape, an stabilize spoil heaps fi avoid collapse, contamination, an erosion, includin safe distances from grave edge, runoff control, separatin soil layers, an protectin nearby graves an paths.
Safe setback distances for spoil heapsLayering and separating soil horizonsCovering spoil to limit dust and mudRunoff channels and silt barriersPreventing contamination of pathwaysBackfill preparation and compactionLesson 4Site assessment in wet conditions: soil types, water table, drainage indicatorsDis part focus on assessin wet sites before diggin, coverin soil types, water table signs, surface drainage patterns, recent rain, an nearby structures, so yuh can choose safe diggin methods an plan good water control.
Reading soil texture and structureRecognizing high water table signsSurface drainage and ponding patternsImpact of recent and forecast rainInfluence of trees, walls, and pathsSelecting safe methods from findingsLesson 5Temporary protection of adjacent graves and vegetation during excavationLearn how fi shield nearby graves, monuments, an vegetation from damage durin diggin by usin barriers, padding, an access controls, while plannin machinery movement an spoil placement fi keep di cemetery lookin nice.
Surveying nearby headstones and markersInstalling boards, mats, and barriersRoot zones and tree protection methodsMachinery routes to avoid monumentsDust, mud, and debris containmentPost-excavation site restoration stepsLesson 6Regulatory depth and standard grave dimensions for adult coffin burialsUnderstand legal depth needs an standard grave sizes fi adult coffin burials, includin width, length, an clearance, plus local changes, double-depth graves, an how fi check compliance wid cemetery rules an mappin.
Typical adult coffin grave dimensionsMinimum cover and depth regulationsDouble-depth and family plot layoutsClearances from paths and structuresChecking local and faith-based rulesDocumenting approved dimensionsLesson 7Shoring and bracing methods: use of timber boards, trench boxes, and temporary supportsDis part explain when an how fi use shoring an bracin systems, includin timber boards, trench boxes, an hydraulic supports, fi prevent wall collapse, protect workers, an follow diggin safety rules in different soil types.
Soil classification and support needsTimber sheeting and waler systemsUse and limits of trench boxesHydraulic and mechanical shoringInspection and maintenance routinesRemoval sequence to avoid collapseLesson 8Recordkeeping for grave location, dimensions, and pre-burial condition (what to note)Learn how fi record grave location, dimensions, soil conditions, an pre-burial site state, includin photos an sketches, so future maintenance, exhumation, or family questions can rely on accurate, traceable, an compliant records.
Grave numbering and map referencesRecording dimensions and depth dataNoting soil type and water presencePhotographic and sketch recordsDocumenting protections and shoringSecure storage of records and updatesLesson 9Excavation techniques for stability in saturated ground: benching, stepping, slopingLearn diggin techniques dat keep stability in saturated or waterlogged ground, includin benchin, steppin, an slopin, plus dewaterin options, monitorin fi movement, an adaptin methods to changin weather an groundwater levels.
Identifying saturated and weak soilsBenching and stepping grave wallsSafe sloping angles by soil typeUse of pumps and simple drainageMonitoring wall movement and heaveBackfilling in wet conditions safelyLesson 10Measuring, marking and stake-out: horizontal and vertical controls, level checksDis part explain how fi measure, mark, an stake out graves usin tapes, levels, an reference points, ensure correct alignment, depth, an fall, while protectin existin markers an allowin safe machinery an pallbearer access.
Setting reference lines and benchmarksMarking grave corners with stakesChecking length, width, and squarenessUsing levels for depth and fallAllowing space for access and gearProtecting nearby markers while marking
