Lesson 1Geomorphological natural hazards: floodplain flooding, slope instability, gully erosion, an mass-movement typesDis section explore geomorphological hazards like floods, landslides, gully erosion, an mass movements. Students link triggerin factors, terrain controls, an land use to hazard mapping, risk assessment, an mitigation strategies.
Floodplain zoning an inundation mappingSlope instability factors an indicatorsGully initiation an headcut migrationTypes of landslides an mass movementsRainfall thresholds an triggerin eventsHazard mapping an mitigation planningLesson 2Relief an slope analysis: hillshading, slope gradient, aspect, an implications fi erosion an landslidesDis section cover digital elevation models, hillshading, slope, an aspect analysis fi interpret relief. Learners link terrain metrics to erosion, landslide susceptibility, drainage development, an infrastructure planning in varied geomorphic settings.
Sources an quality of elevation dataHillshade visualization an landform readingSlope gradient classes an mappingAspect patterns an microclimate effectsTopographic controls on erosion ratesSlope thresholds fi landslide hazardsLesson 3River basin morphology an drainage patterns: dendritic, trellis, radial, antecedent systemsDis section examine drainage basin form, hierarchy, an planform patterns such as dendritic, trellis, an radial systems. Students relate drainage geometry to lithology, structure, relief, an long-term landscape evolution.
Watershed boundaries an stream orderDendritic, trellis, radial, an parallel patternsStructural an lithologic controls on drainageLongitudinal profiles an knickpointsBasin shape, relief, an hydrologic responseDrainage evolution an river captureLesson 4Geological mapping an bedrock units: lithologies, stratigraphy, structural controls on topographyDis section introduce geological mapping of bedrock units, focusin on lithology, stratigraphy, an structural features. Learners interpret how folds, faults, an rock strength influence topography, drainage, an resource or hazard distribution.
Reading geological maps an legendsLithologic units an rock strength contrastsStratigraphic sequences an key contactsFaults, folds, an fracture networksStructural control on ridges an valleysLinking bedrock to resources an hazardsLesson 5Fluvial processes: channel dynamics, sediment transport, deposition, river meandering an avulsionDis section cover fluvial processes shapin channels, includin flow regimes, sediment transport, an bar formation. Learners analyze meandering, braiding, avulsion, an floodplain building, linking process to channel pattern an management.
Flow regimes an channel hydraulicsBedload, suspended load, an wash loadChannel patterns: straight, meandering, braidedPoint bars, levees, an overbank depositsMeander migration an cutoff formationAvulsion, anabranching, an channel managementLesson 6Climate controls on hydrology: precipitation regimes, seasonality, evapotranspiration, an drought indicesDis section explain how atmospheric circulation, moisture sources, an surface conditions control precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration, an drought. Learners relate climate indices to hydrologic regimes an water availability in diverse regions.
Global circulation an moisture transportPrecipitation seasonality an intensity patternsPotential an actual evapotranspirationSoil moisture balance an runoff responseDrought indices an hydrologic droughtClimate variability an change impactsLesson 7Practical datasets an sources: national geological surveys, global DEMs (SRTM, ASTER), geological map repositories, an climate datasets (CRU, CHIRPS)Dis section present key open datasets fi physical geography an geology, includin DEMs, geological maps, an climate products. Learners evaluate resolution, accuracy, an metadata, an practice combining sources fi regional landscape analysis.
Global an regional DEM productsNational geological survey map portalsOnline geological map repositoriesGridded climate datasets an indicesData resolution, accuracy, an metadataIntegrating multi-source datasets in GISLesson 8Remote sensing basics fi physical features: using satellite imagery to identify landforms, river channels, an vegetation coverDis section introduce satellite sensors, resolutions, an spectral bands used to map physical features. Students learn to interpret imagery fi landforms, drainage, vegetation, an surface moisture, an to recognize common processing artifacts an limitations.
Optical vs radar sensors an resolutionsSpectral signatures of water, soil, an rockIdentifying major landforms from imageryMapping river channels an floodplainsVegetation indices an canopy conditionCommon image corrections an artifactsLesson 9Surficial deposits an soils: alluvium, colluvium, weathered bedrock, soil classification an fertilityDis section examine surficial deposits an soils, includin alluvium, colluvium, an weathered bedrock. Students relate parent material, texture, an structure to soil classification, fertility, drainage, an land use suitability across landscapes.
Alluvial, colluvial, an residual materialsWeathering profiles an regolith formationSoil horizons, texture, an structureMajor soil classification systemsSoil fertility, nutrients, an limitationsSoil erosion risk an conservation needs
