Lesson 1Medication fundamentals: metformin mechanism, dosing, side effects, contraindications, an interactionsCheck metformin drug workings, includin how it work, dosin, steppin up, common belly side effects, no-go situations, an key mix-ups, so nurses can watch safety an teach patients good.
Metformin mechanisms and clinical benefitsInitiation, titration, and dosing schedulesCommon side effects and mitigation tipsRenal, hepatic, and cardiac precautionsImportant drug and contrast interactionsLesson 2Impact a shift work an irregular meals pon glycemic control an circadian effectsLook at how shift work, sleep mix-up, an irregular food time change body clock, stress hormones, an insulin feelin, leadin to shaky sugar control, an outline nurse plans fi safer schedules an meal timin.
Circadian biology and glucose regulationEffects of night shifts on insulin sensitivityMeal timing, composition, and glycemiaSleep deprivation, stress, and hormonesNursing strategies for shift-working patientsLesson 3Interpretation a glucose measurements: fasting, pre/post-prandial, random, an A1c correlationsCover readin fasting, before/after meal, random sugar, an A1c, includin usual targets, patterns, an limits, so nurses can spot worry trends, measure mix-ups, an know when fi call higher care.
Fasting and pre-prandial glucose targetsPost-prandial glucose interpretationRandom glucose and symptom correlationUnderstanding A1c and estimated average glucoseWhen results warrant provider notificationLesson 4Short-term glycemic targets an individualize goals fi adults (includin frailty an comorbidities)Spell out short-term sugar targets an how fi make goals personal base pon age, weakness, extra sicknesses, an low sugar risk, so nurses line up teachin, watchin, an help wid safe, real plans.
Standard outpatient glucose and A1c targetsAdjusting goals for frailty and comorbiditiesBalancing control with hypoglycemia riskShort-term goals during illness or stressDocumenting and reinforcing agreed targetsLesson 5Clinical presentation an complications relevant to outpatient care (hyperglycemia symptoms, vision changes, fatigue)Tell bout common clinic showins a type 2 diabetes, includin high sugar signs, eye changes, tiredness, an early problems, helpin nurses sort badness, teach, an line up quick follow-up.
Typical symptoms of hyperglycemiaSubacute vision changes and eye risksFatigue, weight change, and mood effectsEarly neuropathy and foot complicationsWhen to expedite specialty referralsLesson 6Self-monitoring a blood glucose: selectin meters, teachin technique, frequency, an documentationGive guide pon choosin blood sugar meters, teachin step-by-step way, settin watch frequency, an recordin, so nurses back good self-watchin an real use a home numbers.
Choosing an appropriate glucose meterTeaching hand hygiene and lancing techniqueCorrect strip use and meter maintenanceDetermining SMBG timing and frequencyRecording, reviewing, and sharing readingsLesson 7Acute hyperglycemia an urgent warning signs requirin escalation or ED referralLay out spotin an first hanlin a sharp high sugar, includin danger signs a DKA an HHS, dry-up, an mind changes, an clear when fi rush call or send to emergency.
Recognizing symptomatic severe hyperglycemiaRed flags for DKA and HHS in adultsAssessing dehydration and vital sign changesHome management versus urgent evaluationCriteria for ED referral and clear teachingLesson 8Pathophysiology a type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, an beta-cell dysfunctionSplain di sickness workings a type 2 diabetes, pushin insulin resistance, beta-cell mix-up, an roles a liver, muscle, an fat, fi help nurses join sickness ways wid clinic findins an treat choices.
Normal glucose and insulin physiology reviewMechanisms of insulin resistance in tissuesProgressive beta-cell dysfunction and lossRole of liver, muscle, and adipose tissueInflammation, genetics, and lifestyle factorsLesson 9Nursing assessment priorities: vital signs, neuropathy screinin, foot exam, vision screinin, medication adherenceFocus pon top nurse checkins in type 2 diabetes, includin vital signs, nerve an foot screinin, eye checks, an med stickin check fi spot risk early an guide safe, person care.
Baseline and serial vital sign assessmentScreening for peripheral and autonomic neuropathyStructured diabetic foot inspection and risk gradingVision screening and referral pathwaysAssessing medication adherence and barriers
