Lesson 1Mechanisms of ACL injury: biomechanics of cutting/pivoting, typical force vectors, pivot shift phenomenonAnalyze di biomechanics of cutting, pivoting, an landing dat overload di ACL. Detail valgus, internal rotation, an anterior shear forces, di pivot shift phenomenon, an how limb alignment an neuromuscular control change risk, yuh see.
Knee loading during cutting and pivoting tasksValgus and internal rotation force vectorsQuadriceps-driven anterior tibial shear forcesPivot shift phenomenon and rotatory instabilityInfluence of alignment and neuromuscular controlLesson 2Collateral ligaments and posterolateral corner: MCL, LCL, posterolateral structures and their contribution to rotatory stabilityCheck out medial an lateral collateral ligaments an posterolateral corner structures. Describe dem anatomy, roles in varus-valgus an rotatory stability, injury patterns, an how combined damage change ACL function an exam findings, real talk.
Superficial and deep MCL anatomy and functionLCL course, attachments, and palpation landmarksKey posterolateral corner structuresVarus–valgus and rotatory stability contributionsPatterns and grading of collateral complex injuryLesson 3Neurovascular structures around the knee relevant to examination and complicationsDetail major nerves an vessels crossin di knee, dem surface landmarks, an vulnerability in acute injury or swelling. Cover exam techniques, red-flag findings, an how anatomy guide urgent referral an imaging decisions, no joke.
Course of popliteal artery and genicular branchesTibial and common peroneal nerve surface landmarksNeurovascular exam after acute knee traumaCompartment syndrome and ischemia warning signsIatrogenic neurovascular risks during proceduresLesson 4Knee joint osteology and articulations: femur, tibia, patella, tibiofemoral and patellofemoral biomechanicsOutline femur, tibia, an patella osteology an joint surfaces. Explain tibiofemoral an patellofemoral articulations, contact areas, an alignment, linkin dese to load distribution, instability patterns, an non-contact injury risk, yuh get me.
Distal femur condyles and intercondylar notchProximal tibia plateaus and tibial spine anatomyPatellar facets and trochlear groove morphologyTibiofemoral kinematics in flexion and rotationPatellofemoral tracking and contact mechanicsLesson 5Clinical presentation and signs of ACL tear: history features (pop, rapid swelling), Lachman, anterior drawer, pivot shift—interpretation and pitfallsCover key historical clues an physical exam maneuvers fi ACL tears. Explain interpretation of Lachman, anterior drawer, an pivot shift tests, common pitfalls, an how swelling, guarding, an associated injuries affect findings, straight up.
History: pop, swelling, and giving-way episodesInspection and effusion assessment techniquesPerforming and grading the Lachman testAnterior drawer and pivot shift interpretationCommon pitfalls and false negative scenariosLesson 6Common non-ligamentous soft tissues: joint capsule, synovium, fat pad, bursae and their role in effusion and painDescribe di joint capsule, synovium, fat pads, an bursae round di knee. Explain how dese structures generate pain, effusion, an mechanical symptoms, an how dem affected in acute non-contact injuries an post-injury swelling, yuh know.
Capsular reflections and recesses of the kneeSynovial folds, plicae, and effusion pathwaysInfrapatellar and suprapatellar fat pad anatomyMajor bursae and patterns of bursitisSoft tissue contributors to anterior knee painLesson 7Primary knee ligaments: ACL, PCL—fiber orientation, attachment sites, functional roles in stabilityDetail ACL an PCL fiber bundles, origins, an insertions, an dem roles controlin translation an rotation. Link anatomic features to injury mechanisms, clinical tests, an implications fi reconstruction tunnel placement, irie.
ACL anteromedial and posterolateral bundlesPCL anterolateral and posteromedial bundlesTibial and femoral attachment site landmarksRoles in anterior, posterior, and rotatory controlAnatomic considerations for graft tunnel placementLesson 8Key anatomical resources and standards: recommended anatomy texts, MRI knee atlases, and consensus guidelines for ACL management relevant to clinical reasoningSum up high-yield anatomy texts, atlases, an consensus guidelines dat support ACL-related decision making. Emphasize how to use dese resources to refine imaging interpretation, surgical planning, an rehabilitation reasoning, good fi know.
Core knee anatomy and sports medicine textbooksMRI knee atlases and online image repositoriesConsensus statements on ACL evaluationGuidelines for ACL reconstruction and rehabStrategies for integrating evidence into practiceLesson 9Imaging correlation for ACL injuries: MRI anatomy of ACL on standard sequences, common MRI signs (fiber discontinuity, edema, bone bruise), when X-ray is usefulFocus on MRI appearance of di ACL on common sequences an planes. Review direct an indirect MRI signs of tear, typical bone bruise patterns, an when plain radiographs essential to detect fractures or avulsion injuries, yuh zeet.
Normal ACL appearance on sagittal MRIPrimary MRI signs of partial and complete tearsIndirect MRI signs and pivot shift bone bruisesRole of X-ray in acute ACL-related traumaCommon MRI pitfalls and normal variantsLesson 10Menisci anatomy and attachments: medial and lateral meniscus shape, coronary ligaments, meniscotibial and meniscofemoral attachmentsReview medial an lateral meniscal morphology, horn attachments, an capsular connections. Explain coronary ligaments, meniscotibial an meniscofemoral attachments, an how dese structures influence tear patterns, stability, an healing potential, real.
Medial versus lateral meniscus shape and mobilityAnterior and posterior horn tibial insertionsCoronary ligaments and capsular attachmentsMeniscotibial and meniscofemoral ligament anatomyAnatomic basis of common meniscal tear patternsLesson 11Rehabilitation priorities from anatomic perspective: restoring quad/hamstring balance, neuromuscular control, proprioception, graft considerations and return-to-sport criteriaTranslate anatomy into rehabilitation priorities after ACL injury or reconstruction. Address quadriceps-hamstring balance, neuromuscular control, proprioception, graft protection, an objective, anatomy-informed return-to-sport criteria, yuh hear.
Restoring quadriceps and hamstring strength balanceNeuromuscular and movement pattern retrainingProprioceptive and dynamic stability drillsGraft healing timelines and load progressionObjective criteria for return-to-sport clearanceLesson 12Associated injury patterns: medial meniscal tears, MCL injury, bone bruises—anatomic rationale and frequencyExplore how ACL rupture commonly coexists wid medial meniscal tears, MCL sprain, an bone bruises. Emphasize anatomic load sharing, typical bone bruise patterns, an how dese injury clusters inform prognosis an imaging choices, fi real.
Load sharing between ACL, MCL, and medial meniscusTypical bone bruise locations on femur and tibiaPatterns in valgus collapse and pivoting mechanismsImaging clues to combined ligament–meniscal injuryPrognostic impact of associated structural damageLesson 13Immediate management guided by anatomy: indications for immobilization, weight-bearing decisions, urgent imaging, neurovascular checksConnect surface anatomy wid early sideline an emergency decisions. Cover indications fi immobilization, protected weight bearing, urgent imaging, an serial neurovascular checks, emphasizing anatomy-based risk stratification an documentation, no play.
When to immobilize versus allow early motionWeight-bearing decisions based on injured structuresIndications for urgent versus routine imagingSerial neurovascular checks and documentationRecognizing red flags requiring emergency referral
