Lesson 1Metabolic panels: basic and comprehensive metabolic panel components and clinical significanceCover basic an comprehensive metabolic panels, includin di analytes dem weh dey in deh, specimen needs, reference ranges, an how abnormal patterns guide checkin renal function, glucose control, electrolytes, an overall metabolic state.
BMP vs CMP: included analytes and indicationsElectrolyte patterns in dehydration and acidosisGlucose, calcium, and renal markers in panelsSpecimen handling, hemolysis, and interferencesInterpreting multi-analyte trends over timeLesson 2Renal and electrolytes: BUN, creatinine, electrolytes, anion gap, serum osmolalityDig deep inna renal function an electrolyte tests, includin BUN, creatinine, anion gap, an osmolality, stressin preanalytical issues, calculation ways, an readin dem inna acute kidney injury, dehydration, an acid-base wahala.
BUN and creatinine: physiology and limitationsEstimated GFR calculations and clinical useElectrolyte panels and anion gap calculationSerum osmolality and osmolar gap assessmentPreanalytical factors affecting renal testsLesson 3Principles of test selection based on presenting symptoms (chest pain, dysuria, jaundice)Give a step-by-step way fi choose tests base pon presentin symptoms like chest pain, dysuria, an jaundice, highlightin core panels, rule-out moves, red flags, an when fi step up to advance or confirm tests.
Chest pain: cardiac, metabolic, and D-dimer testsDysuria: urinalysis, culture, and STI panelsJaundice: liver tests and hemolysis markersFever and sepsis: culture and lactate strategyAlgorithmic test pathways and reflex rulesLesson 4Urinalysis components: dipstick chemistry, microscopic sediment, indications for cultureSpell out routine urinalysis, includin dipstick chemistry an microscopic sediment, wid strong focus pon linkin to renal an urinary tract disease, rules fi reflex culture, an spotin contamination or collection mix-up.
Urine collection methods and preservationDipstick parameters and common interferencesMicroscopic sediment: cells, casts, and crystalsCriteria for reflex or indicated urine cultureDistinguishing contamination from true infectionLesson 5Cardiac biomarker selection: troponin I/T, CK-MB, BNP — indications and timingCover pickin an timin cardiac biomarkers, includin troponin I/T, CK-MB, an BNP, focusin pon release patterns, serial samplin strategies, assay mix-up, an mixin wid clinical risk scores an ECG findins.
Troponin I vs T: assay features and cutoffsSerial sampling and delta troponin strategyCK-MB: legacy uses and current limitationsBNP and NT-proBNP in heart failure workupInterferences and false-positive elevationsLesson 6Hematology basics for acute presentation: CBC interpretation, differential, reticulocyte count, peripheral smear triggersBring in hematology tests fi acute care, zero in pon CBC, differential, reticulocyte count, an smear review triggers, an how dese parameters back up checkin infection, anemia, bleedin risk, an bone marrow wahala.
CBC parameters and critical value flagsDifferential patterns in infection and allergyAnemia classification and reticulocyte countPeripheral smear triggers and key findingsPreanalytical issues in hematology samplesLesson 7Microbiology tests selection: urine culture, blood culture indications, specimen-dependent rapid testsZero in pon selectin microbiology tests base pon suspected source, includin urine an blood cultures, rapid antigen an molecular tests, an how timin, volume, an transport affect pathogen pick up an result trust.
Indications and timing for urine culturesBlood culture sets, volume, and contaminationSource-specific rapid antigen and PCR testsAnaerobic, wound, and respiratory culturesTransport media, temperature, and stabilityLesson 8Liver function tests: AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total and direct bilirubin — interpretation patternsSpell out liver function an injury tests, includin AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, an bilirubin parts, stressin pattern spotin fi hepatocellular, cholestatic, an infiltrative disease, plus preanalytical an drug mix-up.
AST and ALT in hepatocellular injuryALP and GGT in cholestatic processesTotal vs direct bilirubin and jaundice typesPattern recognition in mixed liver diseaseSpecimen handling and drug interferencesLesson 9Coagulation and bedside tests relevant to urgent care: PT/INR, aPTT, D-dimer, point-of-care glucose and lactateCheck over coagulation tests an urgent bedside ones, includin PT/INR, aPTT, D-dimer, an point-of-care glucose an lactate, wid focus pon when fi use, limits, an quick communication fi critical or panic values.
PT/INR: monitoring warfarin and liver functionaPTT: intrinsic pathway and heparin therapyD-dimer in suspected venous thromboembolismPoint-of-care glucose: accuracy and pitfallsLactate in shock and sepsis assessment
