Lesson 1Indications an' specimen types: bone marrow aspirate vs core biopsy an' when both requiredReview clinic indications fi marrow examination an' contrast aspirate an' core biopsy specimens, explainin' dem complementary roles, limitations, an' scenarios where both essential fi accurate diagnosis an' stage.
Common indications for marrow examinationDiagnostic value of marrow aspirate smearsRole of trephine core biopsyWhen both aspirate and core are requiredLimitations and pitfalls of each specimenLesson 2Flow cytometry vs morphology vs immunohistochemistry: when fi use each an' how results complement each otherCompare morphology, flow cytometry, an' immunohistochemistry in marrow evaluation, outlinin' indications, strengths, an' limitations a each, an' how integrated interpretation refine lineage assignment an' disease classification.
Indications for flow cytometry in marrowMorphologic assessment of marrow smearsRole of immunohistochemistry on core biopsiesChoosing tests based on clinical questionIntegrating multimodal results in reportsLesson 3Correlation a marrow findings wid peripheral blood: criteria fi diagnosin' aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, acute leukemia, an' marrow infiltrationExplain how fi correlate marrow findings wid peripheral blood, applyin' integrated criteria fi diagnose aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, acute leukemias, an' marrow infiltration by solid tumors or lymphomas.
Peripheral smear review in marrow workupCriteria for aplastic anemia diagnosisMarrow and blood features of MDSAcute leukemia diagnostic integrationPatterns of marrow infiltration by tumorsLesson 4Urgent reportin' an' communication fi marrow findings: communicatin' high blast counts, marrow failure or metastatic infiltration to clinic teamsFocus pon rapid recognition an' communication a critical marrow findings such as high blast counts, severe hypocellularity, an' metastatic infiltration, definin' escalation pathways, documentation, an' communication wid treatin' teams.
Defining critical marrow result thresholdsRapid verification of urgent findingsDirect communication with clinical teamsDocumenting critical value notificationsFollow-up reporting after urgent callsLesson 5Core biopsy processin': fixation, decalcification methods, paraffin embeddin', sectionin' an' H&E stainin'Explain stepwise handlin' a marrow core biopsies from fixation through decalcification, embeddin', microtomy, an' H&E stainin', emphasizin' artifact prevention, morphology preservation, an' standardization a histologic quality.
Fixatives for marrow core biopsiesDecalcification agents and endpointsParaffin embedding orientation of coresSection thickness and microtomy artifactsHematoxylin–eosin staining optimizationLesson 6Pre-analytical handlin' a marrow specimens: labelin', anticoagulant choice, transport, decalcification needs, an' fixationDetail pre-analytical steps fi marrow aspirates an' cores, includin' labelin', anticoagulant selection, transport conditions, fixation timin', an' decalcification plannin' fi preserve morphology, antigens, an' nucleic acids fi testin'.
Patient identification and specimen labelingChoice of anticoagulant for aspiratesTransport temperature and time limitsFixation timing for cores and clotsPlanning decalcification for downstream testsLesson 7Analytical quality measures in histology: control tissues, reagent validation, turnaround time monitorin', an' slide review protocolsDescribe analytical quality systems in marrow histology, includin' use a control tissues, reagent validation, equipment maintenance, turnaround time trackin', an' systematic slide review protocols fi ensure reliable, reproducible results.
Selection of appropriate control tissuesReagent validation and lot-to-lot checksEquipment maintenance and calibrationTurnaround time targets and auditsPeer and double-slide review processesLesson 8Special stains an' adjunct tests pon marrow: reticulin (Gomori), iron stains (Prussian blue), immunohistochemistry panels an' interpretationCover selection, performance, an' interpretation a marrow special stains an' adjunct tests, includin' reticulin an' collagen fibrosis gradin', iron assessment, an' targeted immunohistochemistry panels fi neoplastic an' reactive conditions.
Reticulin and collagen fibrosis gradingIron stores and ring sideroblast assessmentCytochemical stains in marrow evaluationCore immunohistochemistry lymphoma panelsIHC markers for myeloid and blast lineageLesson 9Reportin' marrow results: cellularity assessment, lineage distribution, dysplasia, blast count, fibrosis gradin', an' structured report elementsOutline structured marrow reportin', includin' assessment a cellularity, lineage distribution, dysplasia, blast percentage, fibrosis grade, an' integration a ancillary tests, ensurin' clear, standardized, clinically actionable reports.
Estimating and reporting cellularityDescribing lineage distribution and ratiosDocumenting dysplasia and blast countsReporting fibrosis grade and iron statusIntegrating ancillary test results in summary
