Lesson 1Enhancement reagents an' enzymes (e.g., anti-human globulin [AHG], potentiators) an' dem indicationsDis describe enhancement reagents an' enzymes like AHG, LISS, PEG, an' proteolytic enzymes. It cover how dem work, when fi use, limits, an' safety fi antibody detection an' compatibility testin'.
Direct and indirect AHG test principlesLISS, PEG, and other potentiatorsEnzymes and their effects on antigensIndications for using enhancement mediaLimitations, pitfalls, and safety issuesLesson 2Pros an' cons a each method an' rules fi choosin' one in emergency transfusion situationsDis analyze pros an' cons a groupin' methods like tube, slide, microplate, an' gel. Gi rules fi pickin' in emergencies, massive transfusion, an' when resources short.
Strengths and weaknesses of tube testingPros and cons of slide and microplate useBenefits and limits of gel technologyChoosing methods in emergency settingsBalancing speed, accuracy, and resourcesLesson 3Comparison a methods: tube (classic), slide, microplate, an' gel column techniques — principles, sensitivity, specificity, throughputDis compare tube, slide, microplate, an' gel column agglutination. Explain principles, workflow, sensitivity, specificity, throughput, an' common uses in routine, reference, an' high-volume labs.
Principles of tube agglutination testingSlide method workflow and limitationsMicroplate automation and throughputGel column technology and interpretationComparing sensitivity and specificityLesson 4Equipment list an' maintenance: centrifuges, incubators, pipettes, rotators, gel card readers, microscopes, an' safety gearDis review essential equipment fi blood groupin', like centrifuges, incubators, pipettes, rotators, gel readers, microscopes, an' safety items. Talk calibration, preventive maintenance, an' checks.
Centrifuges and rotor performance checksIncubators, temperature mapping, alarmsPipettes, rotators, and mixers verificationGel card readers and microscopes carePreventive maintenance and service recordsLesson 5Reagent red cells fi reverse groupin': pooled A1, B, an' O cells — preparation, storage, an' quality checksDis focus on reagent red cells fi reverse groupin', like A1, B, O cells. Describe prep, poolin', labelin', storage, stability, an' checks fi reliable reverse typin'.
Selection of A1, B, and O donor cellsPreparation and pooling of reagent cellsLabeling, storage, and stability limitsDaily quality checks and grading reactionsTroubleshooting weak or unexpected resultsLesson 6Monoclonal an' polyclonal reagents: anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB, anti-D (IgG/IgM blends) characteristics an' expiry/lot testin'Dis explore monoclonal an' polyclonal anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB, anti-D reagents, includin' IgG/IgM blends. Cover specificity, avidity, limits, storage, stability, expiry, an' lot testin'.
Monoclonal vs polyclonal reagent propertiesAnti-A, anti-B, and anti-AB performance featuresAnti-D IgG, IgM, and blend characteristicsStorage, stability, and expiry managementNew lot verification and acceptance testsLesson 7Regulatory an' manufacturer instructions: followin' IFU, lot-to-lot verification, an' documentin' method validation/competencyDis detail regulatory rules an' manufacturer IFU. Stress stickin' to IFU, lot-to-lot check, method validation, competency, an' documentation fi audits an' accreditation.
Reading and interpreting reagent IFURegulatory and accreditation requirementsLot-to-lot verification planningMethod validation and verification recordsCompetency assessment and retrainingLesson 8Control materials: positive/negative controls fi ABO an' Rh, weak D an' reagent verification controlsDis cover pickin' an' usin' positive an' negative controls fi ABO an' Rh. Include weak D controls, reagent checks, how often, fixin' failures, an' recordin' results.
Types of positive and negative controlsABO forward and reverse grouping controlsRh and weak D control strategiesReagent verification and daily QCInterpreting and documenting control failures
