Lesson 1Patient consent an explainin: describin IV contrast risks an benefits an breath-hold needsExplain how fi get informed consent fi IV contrast CT, clearly outlinin benefits, possible risks, an alternatives, while teachin staff to explain breath-hold steps, handlin worry, an confirm patient understandin before scannin.
Explainin purpose a CT fi suspected appendix sicknessDiscussin IV contrast benefits an diagnostic valueOutlinin common an rare contrast-related risksDescribin breath-hold steps an practice runsCheckin patient understandin an answerin questionsLesson 2Safety durin contrast givin: watchin fi immediate reactions, emergency drug ready, an after-contrast watchinFocus on safe contrast givin, includin patient watchin durin injection, spotin early allergy or leakin, ensurin emergency drugs an equipment ready, an after-contrast watchin procedures.
Baseline check before contrast injectionWatchin patient durin injection an scanSpotin an handlin acute reactionsSpotin an handlin contrast leakinAfter-contrast watchin an discharge adviceLesson 3Contrast timin an phases: portal vein phase timin fi appendix sickness, bolus trackin basics, an gut/oral contrast tingsDescribe portal vein phase timin fi appendix CT, basics a bolus trackin an test bolus, an when oral or gut contrast useful or not needed, includin institution choices an patient tolerance issues.
Portal vein phase timin fi appendix sicknessBolus trackin setup an trigger levelsFixed delay versus bolus trackin waysRole a oral contrast in suspected appendix sicknessHandlin patients who cyan tolerate oral contrastLesson 4Before-scan screenin fi contrast no-go tings: allergy history, metformin advice, an kidney problem handlinCover before-scan screenin fi IV contrast safety, includin allergy history, past reactions, metformin use, kidney problem, eGFR levels, an when to involve radiology or kidney doctor before doin contrast CT.
Takin detailed contrast allergy historyHandlin past mild versus severe reactionsCheckin kidney function an eGFR levelsMetformin use an holdin recommendationsWhen to seek radiologist or kidney doctor inputLesson 5Checkin CT request an ID: pregnancy screenin, recent contrast reactions, an kidney function checks (eGFR level tings)Detail checkin a CT request, patient ID, an pregnancy status, along wid checkin past contrast reactions an kidney function, ensurin recordin a eGFR an risk factors before proceedin wid IV contrast CT.
Confirmin patient ID wid two markersReviewin clinical reason an CT request formPregnancy screenin an recordin stepsCheckin past contrast reactions an notesReviewin eGFR an recent kidney function testsLesson 6Motion handlin an breath-hold method fi best image qualityCover ways to cut motion marks, includin coachin on breath-hold practice, timin instructions wid scanner, handlin short-breath or painful patients, an usin shallow breathin or breath trouble ways when needed.
Before-scan coachin an practice breath-holdsStandard breath-hold commands an timinHandlin patients wid pain or limited helpWays fi shallow breathin takinsSpotin an cuttin motion marksLesson 7Takin settings: kVp, auto mA adjust, slice thickness, an rebuild kernels fi belly CTReview key takin settings fi belly CT, includin kVp choice, auto mA adjust, pitch, rotation time, slice thickness, an rebuild kernels, stressin dem effect on noise, resolution, an diagnostic sure.
Choosin kVp base on size an reasonSettin pitch an rotation time rightAuto mA adjust setupSelectin slice thickness an rebuild intervalSoft tissue an high-resolution kernel choicesLesson 8Radiation dose best: dose-length product (DLP) knowin, iterative rebuild, an protocol fittin fi adult patientsFocus on cuttin radiation dose while keepin diagnostic quality, explainin CTDIvol an DLP, use a auto exposure control, iterative rebuild, protocol fittin fi body type, an recordin a dose indexes in records.
Understandin CTDIvol an DLP on consoleUsin auto tube current adjust safeSelectin right kVp fi adult patientsApplyin iterative rebuild to cut noiseAdjustin protocol fi BMI an clinical questionLesson 9Special patient tings: obesity, fear a tight space, an pain relief needs fi painful belly patientsAddress adaptin CT method fi special groups, includin obese, fear-tight-space, an severe painful patients, wid ways fi table limits, view field, reassurance, worry-cut, an safe pain relief coordinatin.
Technical challenges in obese patientsAdjustin FOV an dose fi large body typeHandlin fear-tight-space an worry in CTPositionin painful patients wid appendix sicknessCoordinatin pain relief an sedation if neededLesson 10IV access an contrast choice: contrast types (nonionic iodinated), usual volumes an strengths fi belly CT, an injection speedsExplain choice a nonionic iodinated contrast, usual volumes an strengths fi adult belly CT, IV cannula size an site choice, an injection speeds an pressures fit fi portal vein phase imaginin.
Choosin nonionic iodinated contrast agentsStandard volume an strength fi adultsSelectin IV cannula gauge an insertion siteSettin injection speed an pressure limitsCheckin IV open before injection startLesson 11Scan protocol an positionin: supine positionin, scan range fi appendix sickness, an arms-up tingsDetail correct supine positionin, arm placin, an scan range choice fi appendix CT, includin coverage from diaphragm to join bone, table centerin, an ways to cut marks an improve comfort an sameness.
Supine positionin an table height matchArms-up versus arms-down: pros an consDefinin scan range fi suspected appendix sicknessCenterin to middle an avoidin gantry hitPaddin, straps, an comfort helps fi stabilityLesson 12PACS reportin workflow an urgent sharin: how fi mark study fi radiologist read an share suspected problems (burst, pus pocket) to clinical teamOutline how fi correct send studies to PACS, apply urgency flags, an ensure radiologist know a suspected problems, while teachin structured sharin wid clinicians fi burst, pus pocket, or blood poison worries.
Correct labelin an sendin series to PACSMarkin studies as urgent or stat in systemAddin key clinical details in tech notesEscalatin suspected burst or pus pocketRecordin verbal sharin wid cliniciansLesson 13Image review an quality check: evaluatin contrast fillin, breathin motion marks, an repeat standardsExplain how fi systematic review images fi technical good, includin contrast boost a gut an vessels, motion or streak marks, coverage a appendix area, an standards fi repeatin or addin takins.
Checkin scan range an body coverageCheckin portal vein boost qualitySpotin breathin an motion marksEvaluatin noise, streaks, an beam-hardeninDecidin when repeat or extra series needed
