Lesson 1Implementing constraints: NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, FOREIGN KEY cascades and ON DELETE/UPDATE strategiesImplement NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, an FOREIGN KEY constraints to enforce business rules. Design ON DELETE an ON UPDATE strategies, including CASCADE an RESTRICT, to protect data integrity while supporting real business workflows.
Using NOT NULL to enforce required dataDesigning UNIQUE and composite keysCHECK constraints for business rulesFOREIGN KEY options and tradeoffsChoosing ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actionsLesson 2Table definitions: users (application auth) — columns, hashing, salts, account status, PKsCreate a secure users table fi application authentication. Define columns fi usernames, emails, password hashes, salts, an account status. Address password policies, lockout flags, an relationships to audit an ownership fields.
User identifiers and login fieldsPassword hash and salt storageAccount status and lockout flagsRole, permission, and profile linksAudit columns for user activityLesson 3Table definitions: clients — columns, types, constraints, PK and important FKsDefine di clients table wid clear primary keys, unique constraints, an foreign keys to related entities. Choose suitable data types fi names, contacts, an addresses, an design columns dat support search, segmentation, an auditing needs.
Client identifiers and primary key choiceName, contact, and address columnsUnique constraints on emails and codesForeign keys from orders and invoicesAuditing and metadata columns for clientsLesson 4Entity modeling and normalization: mapping requirements to tables and relationshipsModel clients, orders, order_items, invoices, an users as entities wid clear relationships. Apply normalization rules to reduce redundancy, map business rules to tables, an decide when controlled denormalization is justified fi performance.
Identifying entities and relationshipsApplying 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF rulesModeling one-to-many and many-to-manyHandling optional and mandatory relationsWhen and how to denormalize safelyLesson 5Index strategy: candidate indexes (single-column and composite) and rationalePlan an index strategy fi clients, orders, order_items, invoices, an users. Select candidate single-column an composite indexes based on query patterns, an balance read performance wid write overhead an storage considerations.
Identifying high-value query patternsSingle-column versus composite indexesCovering indexes for critical queriesIndexing foreign keys and status fieldsMonitoring and tuning index usageLesson 6Table definitions: invoices — columns, types, relationships to orders and clientsDesign di invoices table an its relationships to orders, clients, an payments. Define columns fi totals, taxes, an statuses, an ensure referential integrity. Address partial payments, credit notes, an numbering schemes fi compliance.
Invoice identifiers and numbering rulesLinking invoices to clients and ordersTotals, taxes, and currency columnsInvoice status and lifecycle trackingHandling credit notes and adjustmentsLesson 7Data types selection: numeric, decimal, UUID vs serial, timestamps and timezone handlingChoose appropriate data types fi identifiers, amounts, an timestamps. Compare numeric an decimal fi money, UUID versus serial fi keys, an discuss timezone-aware timestamps. Address precision, storage, an portability considerations.
Numeric versus decimal for monetary valuesUUID versus serial primary keysCharacter and text columns for namesTimezone-aware timestamp best practicesHandling date-only and interval fieldsLesson 8Table definitions: orders and order_items — columns, types, composite keys, FK integrityDefine normalized orders an order_items tables, including primary an composite keys, foreign key integrity, an essential columns. Learn how to capture quantities, pricing, statuses, an ensure consistent relationships to clients an invoices.
Core columns for orders and order_itemsChoosing primary and composite keysForeign keys to clients, users, invoicesModeling quantities, prices, and discountsStatus fields and lifecycle trackingLesson 9Materialized views and derived tables for aggregated invoice/order reportingExplore materialized views an derived tables dat summarize orders an invoices. Learn how to design aggregates fi revenue, taxes, an customer activity, refresh strategies, an performance tradeoffs between real time an batch reporting.
Identifying key reporting aggregatesDesigning summary and rollup tablesMaterialized view refresh strategiesHandling late-arriving and corrected dataIndexing and partitioning reporting tablesLesson 10Designing for multitenancy and soft deletes (tenant_id, deleted_at approaches)Design schemas dat support multiple tenants an soft deletes. Compare tenant_id strategies, row-level isolation, an schema-per-tenant tradeoffs. Implement deleted_at columns, filtering patterns, an constraints dat preserve historical data.
Tenant_id column versus schema per tenantRow-level security and tenant isolationImplementing deleted_at soft delete fieldsQuery patterns to exclude soft-deleted rowsRestoring and auditing soft-deleted records
