Lesson 1Flow an' speed control parts: flow control valves, needle valves, one-way flow controls, quick exhaust valvesYuh wi learn how flow an' speed control devices shape actuator motion. Di section compare needle valves, one-way flow controls, an' quick exhaust valves, wid guidance pon meter-in versus meter-out setups.
Needle valves versus flow control valvesMeter-in versus meter-out configurationsOne-way flow controls for cylinder speedQuick exhaust valves for fast retractionAvoiding instability and stick-slip motionLesson 2Air preparation units: filter, regulator, lubricator (FRL) functions an' pickin' guidelinesDis section explain FRL unit roles in protectin' pneumatic systems. Yuh wi learn how filters, regulators, an' lubricators work, how fi size dem, an' how fi pick layouts dat match air quality an' flow demands.
Filter grades and water removal methodsRegulator types, ranges, and droop behaviorLubricator principles and when to avoid oilSizing FRLs for flow and pressure stabilityFRL placement, bypass, and maintenance plansLesson 3Basic properties of compressed air: pressure, flow, temperature, compressibility, units (psi, bar, l/min)Dis section review key properties of compressed air an' dem units. Yuh wi connect pressure, flow, temperature, an' compressibility to real behaviors in circuits, includin' pressure drop an' energy use.
Gauge versus absolute pressure conceptsFlow units: l/min, SCFM, and NL/minTemperature effects on density and moistureCompressibility and pressure drop basicsEnergy use and leakage impact on costsLesson 4Sensors an' feedback devices: pneumatic an' electronic proximity sensors, mechanical limit switches, cushioning switchesDis section present common pneumatic sensin' an' feedback options. Yuh wi compare mechanical, pneumatic, an' electronic devices, an' learn how fi mount, protect, an' wire dem fi reliable position signals.
Mechanical limit switches and camsPneumatic signal sensors and logic useMagnetic proximity and reed sensorsElectronic proximity and analog feedbackMounting, wiring, and protection practicesLesson 5Pneumatic actuator types: single-actin' vs double-actin' cylinders, rodless cylinders, guided cylinders, cushionin' an' mountin' stylesYuh wi explore major pneumatic actuator types an' dem uses. Di section compare single-actin', double-actin', rodless, an' guided cylinders, includin' cushionin', mountin', an' selection trade-offs.
Single-acting versus double-acting cylindersRodless cylinders for long strokesGuided cylinders for side load controlAdjustable cushioning and end stopsMounting styles and alignment issuesLesson 6Valve types an' functions: 2/2, 3/2, 4/2, 5/2 directional control valves, pilot-operated vs direct-actin', spring return vs detentedDis section explain common directional valve symbols an' functions. Yuh wi compare 2/2, 3/2, 4/2, an' 5/2 valves, direct-actin' versus pilot-operated designs, an' spring return versus detented actuation.
Reading valve porting and position symbols2/2 and 3/2 valves for on-off and actuation4/2 and 5/2 valves for cylinder controlDirect-acting versus pilot-operated valvesSpring return, detented, and manual overridesLesson 7Force an' stroke calculations: convertin' pressure to force, effective piston area, accountin' fi push/pull force differences an' frictionYuh wi learn how fi convert pressure into usable force an' stroke work. Di section cover piston area, push versus pull force, friction allowances, an' safety factors used when sizin' cylinders fi applications.
Calculating piston and annulus areasConverting pressure to theoretical forceAccounting for friction and efficiency lossPush versus pull force and rod bucklingStroke length, work, and safety factorsLesson 8Pressure safety components: pressure relief valves, safety valves, an' pressure switchesHere yuh study devices dat protect people an' equipment from overpressure. Di section compare relief valves, safety valves, an' pressure switches, coverin' setpoint choice, installation, testin', an' applicable standards.
Functions of relief and safety valvesPressure switch types and contact logicSelecting setpoints and blowdown marginsInstallation rules for discharge pipingInspection, testing, and documentationLesson 9Materials an' fittings: tubin' materials, fittings, lubricants, seals compatibility an' contamination considerationsDis section cover tubin', fittings, seals, an' lubricants used in pneumatics. Yuh wi compare materials, pressure ratings, an' chemical compatibility, an' learn how contamination an' poor selection reduce system life.
Tubing materials, ratings, and bend limitsPush-in, compression, and threaded fittingsSeal materials and media compatibilityLubricant types and interaction with sealsContamination sources and cleanliness controlLesson 10Common cylinder sizes an' typical force ranges fi small press-fit applications (approx. values fi 1/4"–1" bore)Here yuh relate bore size to achievable force fi small press-fit tasks. Di section provide approximate force tables fi 1/4"–1" bores, discuss stroke limits, an' highlight safety margins an' fixture stiffness.
Typical bores from 1/4 inch to 1 inchForce estimates at common supply pressuresEffect of stroke and speed on press qualityGuiding, fixturing, and side load limitsSafety margins for repeatable press forces
