Lesson 1Land shape dangers: river plain flooding, hill sliding, ditch washing, and land slide kindsThis part looks at land shape dangers like floods, land slides, ditch washing, and land movements. Students connect starting causes, land controls, and land use to danger mapping, risk checking, and ways to reduce them.
Floodplain zoning and inundation mappingSlope instability factors and indicatorsGully initiation and headcut migrationTypes of landslides and mass movementsRainfall thresholds and triggering eventsHazard mapping and mitigation planningLesson 2Land rise and hill checking: hill shading, hill steepness, direction, and effects on washing and land slidesThis part covers digital land height models, hill shading, steepness, and direction checking to understand land rise. Learners connect land measures to washing, land slide risk, water flow growth, and building plans in different land shape places.
Sources and quality of elevation dataHillshade visualization and landform readingSlope gradient classes and mappingAspect patterns and microclimate effectsTopographic controls on erosion ratesSlope thresholds for landslide hazardsLesson 3River area shape and water flow patterns: branch like, net like, spoke like, old systemsThis part checks river area shape, levels, and flat patterns like branch like, net like, and spoke like systems. Students connect water flow shape to rock type, build, land rise, and long time land change.
Watershed boundaries and stream orderDendritic, trellis, radial, and parallel patternsStructural and lithologic controls on drainageLongitudinal profiles and knickpointsBasin shape, relief, and hydrologic responseDrainage evolution and river captureLesson 4Rock mapping and base rock parts: rock types, layer order, build controls on land shapeThis part shows rock mapping of base rock parts, focusing on rock type, layer order, and build features. Learners understand how bends, breaks, and rock strength affect land shape, water flow, and resource or danger spread.
Reading geological maps and legendsLithologic units and rock strength contrastsStratigraphic sequences and key contactsFaults, folds, and fracture networksStructural control on ridges and valleysLinking bedrock to resources and hazardsLesson 5River processes: river path changes, sand moving, dropping, river bending and sudden shiftsThis part covers river processes that shape paths, including water flow types, sand moving, and sand bar making. Learners study bending, twisting, sudden shifts, and river plain building, connecting process to path pattern and handling.
Flow regimes and channel hydraulicsBedload, suspended load, and wash loadChannel patterns: straight, meandering, braidedPoint bars, levees, and overbank depositsMeander migration and cutoff formationAvulsion, anabranching, and channel managementLesson 6Weather controls on water flow: rain types, season changes, water loss, and dry spells measuresThis part explains how air movement, wet sources, and ground conditions control rain, runoff, water loss, and dry spells. Learners connect weather measures to water flow types and water supply in different areas.
Global circulation and moisture transportPrecipitation seasonality and intensity patternsPotential and actual evapotranspirationSoil moisture balance and runoff responseDrought indices and hydrologic droughtClimate variability and change impactsLesson 7Useful data sets and places: country rock checks, world land height models (SRTM, ASTER), rock map stores, and weather data (CRU, CHIRPS)This part shows key free data sets for physical geography and geology, including land height models, rock maps, and weather products. Learners check detail, truth, and info notes, and try mixing sources for area land study.
Global and regional DEM productsNational geological survey map portalsOnline geological map repositoriesGridded climate datasets and indicesData resolution, accuracy, and metadataIntegrating multi-source datasets in GISLesson 8Satellite basics for land features: using space pictures to find land shapes, river paths, and plant coverThis part shows satellite tools, details, and colour bands used to map land features. Students learn to read pictures for land shapes, water flow, plants, and ground wet, and to spot common work errors and limits.
Optical vs radar sensors and resolutionsSpectral signatures of water, soil, and rockIdentifying major landforms from imageryMapping river channels and floodplainsVegetation indices and canopy conditionCommon image corrections and artifactsLesson 9Surface sand and ground: river sand, hill sand, worn rock, ground types and rich soilThis part checks surface sand and ground, including river sand, hill sand, and worn rock. Students connect source material, feel, and build to ground types, rich soil, water flow, and land use fit across lands.
Alluvial, colluvial, and residual materialsWeathering profiles and regolith formationSoil horizons, texture, and structureMajor soil classification systemsSoil fertility, nutrients, and limitationsSoil erosion risk and conservation needs
