Lesson 1White-matter pathways: arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus — roles in repetition and integrationThis part breaks down main white nerve bundles, like arcuate, uncinate, and top long ones, describing their setup, links, and jobs in repeating, word-meaning mixing, and front-back language paths.
Arcuate fasciculus and repetition circuitrySuperior longitudinal fasciculus and dorsal streamUncinate fasciculus and semantic integrationInferior fronto-occipital fasciculus in readingDisconnection syndromes and conduction aphasiaLesson 2Auditory processing pathway for speech perception: from cochlea to brainstem nuclei to primary auditory cortex and higher-order processingThis part traces ear path for speech hearing, from inner ear through brain stem spots and relay to main and next ear brain areas, detailing time and sound breakdown, sound unit mapping, and early speech-other split.
Cochlear transduction and frequency decompositionBrainstem nuclei and binaural processingMedial geniculate body and thalamic gatingPrimary auditory cortex and phonemic encodingSecondary auditory areas and speech–nonspeech parsingLesson 3Stepwise neural sequence when hearing a question and answering aloud: auditory decoding, comprehension, formulation, motor planning, execution, and feedback monitoringThis part follows brain steps from hearing a question to saying answer, covering ear decoding, getting it, idea making, word picking, move planning, doing, and check loops across brain nets.
Auditory decoding of the spoken questionSyntactic and semantic comprehension stagesConceptualization and message formulationPhonological encoding and motor planningExecution, monitoring, and error correctionLesson 4Primary sensorimotor cortices: primary motor cortex (speech motor areas), primary somatosensory cortex, primary auditory cortexThis part reviews main move, touch, and hear brain surfaces, stressing their cell setup, body mapping and sound mapping, and how these base areas back mouth moves, speech check, and link to higher language spots.
Somatotopy of the primary motor speech areasOrofacial representation in primary somatosensory cortexTonotopic maps in primary auditory cortexCortical columns and cytoarchitecture in M1 and S1Integration of sensory feedback during articulationLesson 5Right hemisphere contributions: prosody, pragmatics, discourse-level processing, visuo-spatial and affective aspectsThis part checks right brain side roles in rhythm, use in context, talk flow, space seeing, and feeling process, highlighting side-to-side teamwork and clinic problems from right side damage hitting talk.
Acoustic and linguistic prosody processingPragmatic inference and conversational implicatureDiscourse macrostructure and coherence buildingVisuospatial context in communication cuesAffective prosody and emotional interpretationLesson 6Association and multimodal regions: inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, angular and supramarginal gyriThis part spotlights link and multi-sense brain folds, like lower front, top side, angle, and side-top ones, explaining jobs in sound units, meaning, sentence build, reading, and sense mixing for language.
Inferior frontal gyrus and phonological working memorySuperior temporal gyrus and lexical accessAngular gyrus in semantic and conceptual integrationSupramarginal gyrus in phonological mappingMultimodal convergence and reading networksLesson 7Neural control of speech motor output: cortical planning, corticobulbar tracts, cranial nerve nuclei (V, VII, IX, X, XII) and motor executionThis part explains brain control of speech moves, from surface planning through brain-to-bulb paths to head nerve bases, detailing move doing, reflex tweaks, and check ways for smooth clear speech.
Cortical planning in premotor and SMA regionsCorticobulbar tract organization and lateralityCranial nerve nuclei for speech musculatureMotor execution and articulatory timingAuditory and somatosensory feedback controlLesson 8Subcortical structures and cerebellum: basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellar contributions to speech timing, motor learning and prosodyThis part digs into deep brain bits, relay, and balance area in speech, stressing timing, move learning, rhythm, and start, linking issues to slurred speech, repeat stutters, quiet voice, and shaky talk.
Basal ganglia loops and speech initiationThalamic relay and modulation of language signalsCerebellar timing and articulatory coordinationMotor learning and adaptation in speechSubcortical contributions to prosody controlLesson 9Cortical language centers: Broca’s area (anatomical boundaries, cytoarchitecture) and Wernicke’s areaThis part details surface language hubs, stressing Broca’s and Wernicke’s spots, their body edges, cell setup, links, and separate jobs in speech plan, sentence build, word get, and get meaning.
Anatomical boundaries of Broca’s areaCytoarchitecture of inferior frontal language cortexAnatomical boundaries of Wernicke’s areaPosterior temporal cortex and lexical semanticsFunctional connectivity between Broca and Wernicke
