Lesson 1Landmarks for early pregnancy: gestational sac, yolk sac, fetal pole, decidual reaction, and double decidual signThis describes key ultrasound signs of early pregnancy, including pregnancy sac, yolk sac, baby pole, and lining reaction, and explains the double lining sign, normal growth, and expected times by pregnancy weeks.
Normal look of pregnancy sacYolk sac shape and size limitsBaby pole spotting and timingLining reaction and double lining signTimeline of expected early signsLesson 2Transabdominal acquisition: standard sagittal and transverse pelvic planes and uterine orientationThis covers belly pelvic scanning in early pregnancy, including bladder prep, probe direction, standard length and side planes, and checking womb position to add to inner scans or when not possible.
Bladder filling and patient setupMiddle length pelvic overviewSide pelvic sweep and side organ checkSpotting womb tilt and bendTweaking depth, focus, and brightness settingsLesson 3Assessment of free fluid in pelvis: location (Morison, pouch of Douglas), quantification, and clinical implicationsThis explains orderly check of loose fluid in pelvis and upper belly, including key spots, grading amount, and spotting bright clot, and links ultrasound finds to urgent care and possible outside pregnancy break.
Scanning Douglas pouch and side guttersRight upper quadrant and Morison’s pouchDescribing dark versus mixed fluidHalf-measure grading of loose fluidMeanings for suspected outside pregnancy breakLesson 4Measurements and documentation: mean sac diameter (MSD), crown-rump length (CRL), fetal heart motion and how to measure/recordThis details standard sizes and noting in early pregnancy, including sac average width, crown-rump length, and baby heart rate, with tips on caliper place, picture saving, videos, and reporting for true dating and life check.
Sac average width method and trapsCrown-rump length and dating tablesBaby heart rate measure waysPicture labeling and video savingMixing sizes into reportsLesson 5Safety, informed consent and infection control for transvaginal scanningThis handles safety rules, agreement, and germ control for inner vaginal scanning, including low dose, helper use, probe covers, deep cleaning, and kind talk about private checks.
Low dose and early pregnancy safety numbersGetting and noting agreementHelper rules and patient respectProbe covers, gel use, and barrier waysDeep cleaning and trackingLesson 6Clinical indications, patient preparation: bladder filling protocols for transabdominal scanThis reviews medical reasons for early pregnancy pelvic ultrasound and details patient prep, stressing bladder filling ways for belly scans, no-go reasons, and fitting approach to signs and blood flow state.
Common reasons in early pregnancyNo-go reasons and some limitsBladder filling amounts and timingExplaining steps and handling worryFitting way to sick patientsLesson 7Transvaginal acquisition: systematic sagittal and coronal views, uterine fundus-to-cervix sweep, adnexal interrogationThis outlines step-by-step inner vaginal scan, stressing probe handling, orderly length and front sweeps, and full check of womb, neck, and side parts to best see early pregnancy parts and pelvic problems.
Patient setup and probe entry methodMiddle womb length sweep top to neckSide length sweeps for womb sidesFront plane getting and tweakingOrderly side and back checkLesson 8Reporting language for viability, dating, and suspected ectopic pregnancy; recommended follow-up intervals and when urgent referral is neededThis sets standard report words for life check, dating, and suspected outside pregnancy, and outlines suggested follow-up times, warning finds, and rules for urgent women’s or emergency send to help safe care.
Organised report parts for early pregnancyStandard words for life and doubtDating notes and size reportingSuggested follow-up and repeat scan timeWhen to alert for urgent expert lookLesson 9Findings suggesting ectopic pregnancy: adnexal mass characteristics, tubal ring, and non-visualized IUP thresholds and beta-hCG correlationThis details ultrasound finds raising worry for outside pregnancy, including side lumps, tube ring, and loose fluid, and explains no inside pregnancy limits, key hormone levels, and mix with medical risks.
Usual tube ring and side lump shapesRing of fire and blood flow checkLoose fluid shapes and belly bleedingKey hormone and no inside pregnancyUnknown pregnancy spot waysLesson 10Criteria to confirm intrauterine pregnancy versus pseudogestational sacThis explains ultrasound rules confirming true inside pregnancy, telling it from fake sacs, and highlights traps, timing, and match with medical info to avoid wrong calls and bad care.
Ultrasound traits of true pregnancy sacDouble lining and inside lining signsMiddle fluid spots and fake sacsRole of yolk sac and baby pole spottingMatch with signs and repeat hormoneLesson 11Probe selection and machine presets: transabdominal curvilinear and transvaginal endovaginal transducerThis covers picking right probes and settings for early pregnancy pelvic ultrasound, comparing belly curved and inner tools, and explains tweaking wave, depth, and exam-key settings.
Curved versus inner toolsPicking wave for body shapeSetting pick for early pregnancyTweaking depth, focus, and rangeExtras and clear versus deep trade-offs
