Lesson 1Doppler Basics: Colour Doppler, Power Doppler, Pulsed-Wave (PW) Doppler, Continuous-Wave (CW) OverviewThis part introduces colour, power, pulsed-wave, and continuous-wave Doppler. Students go over basic blood flow rules, mixing signals, and when each Doppler type fits in usual blood vessel and heart checks.
Doppler effect and flow direction basicsColor Doppler principles and mapsPower Doppler sensitivity and usesPulsed-wave Doppler applicationsContinuous-wave Doppler indicationsLesson 2Harmonics, Compound Imaging, Speckle Reduction: When to Turn On and What Effects to ExpectThis part looks at tissue harmonic imaging, spatial compound imaging, and speckle reduction tools. Students learn when to turn on each, spot image changes, and avoid too much processing that causes false images.
Tissue harmonic imaging indicationsEffects of harmonics on resolution and noiseSpatial compound imaging benefitsSpeckle reduction filters and limitsBalancing detail with artifact controlLesson 3Machine Settings and Presets: Presets, Depth, Gain, Time-Gain Compensation (TGC), Dynamic Range, Focal ZonesThis part covers main machine settings like presets, depth, overall gain, TGC, dynamic range, and focal zones. Students practice button use to quickly get clear, useful B-mode images in different cases.
Selecting and modifying exam presetsDepth and field of view adjustmentsOverall gain versus TGC shapingDynamic range and image contrastFocal zone number and placementSaving user presets and recallLesson 4Frequency Choice and Depth: Picking MHz for Belly, Pelvic, and Blood Vessel ScansThis part explains how to pick the right send frequency for body parts. Students connect MHz choice to depth reach, detail, and patient build for belly, pelvic, and blood vessel ultrasound checks.
Frequency versus penetration principlesChoosing MHz for abdominal imagingFrequency choices for pelvic scanningFrequency ranges for vascular studiesAdjusting for body habitus and depthLesson 5Beam Shaping and Focus: Setting Focal Zones and Single vs Multiple Foci for Clear ImagesThis part explains beam shaping ideas and how focal zones affect side detail. Students compare one vs many focal zones, understand frame speed effect, and learn focus placement for key body parts.
Transmit and receive beamforming basicsFocal depth and lateral resolutionSingle versus multiple focal zonesFocus and frame rate trade-offsBest focus placement by anatomyLesson 6Basic Ultrasound Physics: Sound Travel, Frequency, Wavelength, Weakening, Detail Trade-OffsThis part reviews how sound waves move through body tissue, how frequency and wavelength link, and how weakening and detail trade-offs change image quality. Students tie physics to daily scan choices.
Acoustic wave properties and terminologyFrequency, period, and wavelength relationsPropagation speed in soft tissuesAttenuation, absorption, and scatteringAxial and lateral resolution trade-offsLesson 7False Images and How to Handle Them: Echo Bounce, Shadow, Bright Spot, Mirror Image, Direction Change and Ways to Lessen or Use ThemThis part reviews common ultrasound false images like echo bounce, shadow, bright spot, mirror image, and direction change. Students learn to spot, reduce, or use them on purpose to boost sure diagnosis.
Reverberation and comet-tail artifactsAcoustic shadowing and its causesPosterior acoustic enhancement usesMirror image and refraction artifactsAnisotropy in tendons and nervesTechniques to reduce unwanted artifactsLesson 8Image Quality Check Steps: Test Block/QA Basics and Quick Pre-Scan Checks on Real Patients (Preset Load, Probe Link, Gel, Sweep)This part outlines usual image quality checks with test blocks and quick steps before scanning patients. It covers QA basics, checking presets, probe link, gel use, and sweep checks before useful imaging.
Phantom types and QA test basicsChecking depth, gain, and resolutionVerifying probe selection and cablesGel application and contact assessmentQuick sweep for global image reviewLesson 9Doppler Settings and Improvement: PRF/Scale, Baseline, Wall Filter, Gain, Angle Effects, Sample Spot PlacementThis part focuses on improving Doppler settings like PRF or scale, baseline, wall filter, gain, angle, and sample spot. Students practice cutting mixing and noise while keeping true wave info.
Setting PRF or scale to avoid aliasingBaseline shifts and display choicesWall filter to remove low-frequency noiseDoppler gain and noise managementInsonation angle and angle correctionSample volume size and placementLesson 10Probe Types and Build: Linear, Curved (Convex), Phased Array, Inner Cavity; Size and Clinic UsesThis part explains picking and using linear, curved, phased array, and inner cavity probes. Focus is on size, frequency range, build basics, and matching each probe to certain clinic needs.
Piezoelectric elements and housingLinear array footprint and indicationsCurved array for abdominal and OB usePhased array for cardiac and intercostalEndocavitary probes and safetyProbe care, handling, and damage signs
