Lesson 1Fuel storage and distribution depots: evaporation, loading/unloading, fugitive leaks, combustion sources and typical pollutantsThis part checks emissions from fuel storage and distribution spots, covering tank losses from breathing, loading and unloading, leaks that escape, and burning on site, focusing on VOCs and harmful air toxics.
Aboveground and underground storage tanksWorking, breathing, and standing lossesTruck and rail loading rack emissionsFugitive leaks from valves and fittingsOn-site combustion and flare emissionsLesson 2Emission factors and inventories: using EPA AP-42, MOVES, and industry-specific emission factor sources for estimating ratesThis part shows how to use EPA AP-42, MOVES, and industry emission factors to figure source strengths, covering activity data, time patterns, uncertainties, and records for city emission lists.
Structure and use of EPA AP-42 factorsMOVES for on-road and nonroad sourcesIndustry-specific and vendor factor sourcesSelecting activity data and temporal profilesUncertainty, QA, and documentationLesson 3Characterization of traffic sources: vehicle types, fleet composition, diesel vs gasoline, congestion effectsThis part describes traffic emissions by vehicle kind, fuel type, fleet age, and driving conditions, pointing out traffic jams, cold starts, and driving patterns that affect pollutants in busy mixed areas.
Vehicle classes and fleet compositionGasoline versus diesel emission patternsCold starts, hot soaks, and idlingCongestion, speed, and driving cyclesBrake, tire, and road dust emissionsLesson 4Practical methods to survey local sources: traffic counts, facility inventories, permit databases, and field reconnaissance reportsThis part gives simple methods to find and measure local sources, like counting traffic, listing facilities, checking permit records, and doing field checks, stressing good data and area coverage.
Designing traffic count campaignsCompiling facility and land-use inventoriesUsing air permit and compliance databasesField reconnaissance and source mappingIntegrating multiple local data sourcesLesson 5Pollutant-species mapping: PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2, CO, VOCs, benzene, formaldehyde, NH3, and ozone precursorsThis part connects common city sources to key pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2, CO, VOCs, air toxics, NH3, and ozone makers, helping with pollutant profiles and source tracking.
Primary versus secondary pollutant conceptsPM2.5 and PM10 source contribution patternsNOx, SO2, and CO emission linkagesVOCs, benzene, and formaldehyde sourcesNH3 and ozone precursor source rolesLesson 6Emissions from light industry: metalworking, printing processes, solvent use and typical pollutant profilesThis part looks at emissions from small industries like metalwork, printing, and solvent use, focusing on how they run, control methods, and pollutant types in city mixed neighbourhoods.
Metal cutting, welding, and surface preparationPrinting presses, inks, and cleaning operationsSolvent degreasing and coating applicationsTypical VOC, PM, and air toxics profilesEmission controls and good work practicesLesson 7Operational reasons for emissions: combustion processes, evaporation, abrasion, fugitive leaks, and secondary formation mechanismsThis part reviews how operations cause emissions, like burning, evaporation, wear, escaping leaks, and secondary making, linking processes to pollutant kinds and control chances.
Combustion stages and flame conditionsEvaporation from liquids and surfacesMechanical abrasion and wear processesFugitive leaks from equipment componentsAtmospheric secondary pollutant formationLesson 8Residential and commercial combustion: heating, cooking, small boilers and associated emissionsThis part covers burning in homes and shops, like heating rooms, water, cooking, explaining fuel picks, appliance types, patterns, and gases plus particles in city areas.
Space and water heating technologiesGas, oil, biomass, and electric cookingSmall boilers and packaged heating unitsCombustion chemistry and pollutant formationIndoor-outdoor emission pathways
