Lesson 1White-matter pathways: arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus — roles in repetition and integrationThis part checks main white nerve bundles, like arcuate, uncinate, and top long ones, describing body layout, connections, and jobs in repeating, word-meaning joining, and front-back language paths.
Arcuate fasciculus and repetition circuitrySuperior longitudinal fasciculus and dorsal streamUncinate fasciculus and semantic integrationInferior fronto-occipital fasciculus in readingDisconnection syndromes and conduction aphasiaLesson 2Auditory processing pathway for speech perception: from cochlea to brainstem nuclei to primary auditory cortex and higher-order processingThis part traces ear path for speech hearing, from inner ear through brain stem parts and relay centre to main and next ear brain areas, detailing time and sound breakdown, sound mapping, and early speech-other split.
Cochlear transduction and frequency decompositionBrainstem nuclei and binaural processingMedial geniculate body and thalamic gatingPrimary auditory cortex and phonemic encodingSecondary auditory areas and speech–nonspeech parsingLesson 3Stepwise neural sequence when hearing a question and answering aloud: auditory decoding, comprehension, formulation, motor planning, execution, and feedback monitoringThis part follows brain steps from hearing question to answering loud, covering ear decoding, understanding, idea forming, word picking, move planning, doing, and check watching across brain networks.
Auditory decoding of the spoken questionSyntactic and semantic comprehension stagesConceptualization and message formulationPhonological encoding and motor planningExecution, monitoring, and error correctionLesson 4Primary sensorimotor cortices: primary motor cortex (speech motor areas), primary somatosensory cortex, primary auditory cortexThis part reviews main move, touch feel, and ear brain areas, stressing cell build, body mapping and sound mapping, and how these base areas help mouth moving, speech check, and joining with higher language spots.
Somatotopy of the primary motor speech areasOrofacial representation in primary somatosensory cortexTonotopic maps in primary auditory cortexCortical columns and cytoarchitecture in M1 and S1Integration of sensory feedback during articulationLesson 5Right hemisphere contributions: prosody, pragmatics, discourse-level processing, visuo-spatial and affective aspectsThis part checks right brain side jobs in rhythm, use in context, full talk processing, sight-space and feeling parts, stressing side-to-side teamwork and clinic problems from right side damage affecting talk.
Acoustic and linguistic prosody processingPragmatic inference and conversational implicatureDiscourse macrostructure and coherence buildingVisuospatial context in communication cuesAffective prosody and emotional interpretationLesson 6Association and multimodal regions: inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, angular and supramarginal gyriThis part focuses on joining and multi-sense brain areas, like lower front fold, top time fold, angle and side top folds, explaining jobs in sound systems, meanings, sentence rules, reading, and sense joining for language.
Inferior frontal gyrus and phonological working memorySuperior temporal gyrus and lexical accessAngular gyrus in semantic and conceptual integrationSupramarginal gyrus in phonological mappingMultimodal convergence and reading networksLesson 7Neural control of speech motor output: cortical planning, corticobulbar tracts, cranial nerve nuclei (V, VII, IX, X, XII) and motor executionThis part explains brain control of speech move output, from brain surface planning through brain-to-bulb paths to head nerve centres, detailing move doing, reflex changes, and check systems for smooth clear speech.
Cortical planning in premotor and SMA regionsCorticobulbar tract organization and lateralityCranial nerve nuclei for speech musculatureMotor execution and articulatory timingAuditory and somatosensory feedback controlLesson 8Subcortical structures and cerebellum: basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellar contributions to speech timing, motor learning and prosodyThis part explores deep brain parts, relay centre, and balance brain in speech, stressing timing, move learning, rhythm, and starting, linking problems to slurred speech, stammering, quiet voice, and shaky speech.
Basal ganglia loops and speech initiationThalamic relay and modulation of language signalsCerebellar timing and articulatory coordinationMotor learning and adaptation in speechSubcortical contributions to prosody controlLesson 9Cortical language centers: Broca’s area (anatomical boundaries, cytoarchitecture) and Wernicke’s areaThis part details brain surface language centres, stressing Broca’s and Wernicke’s spots, body edges, cell build, connections, and different jobs in speech planning, sentence rules, word access, and understanding.
Anatomical boundaries of Broca’s areaCytoarchitecture of inferior frontal language cortexAnatomical boundaries of Wernicke’s areaPosterior temporal cortex and lexical semanticsFunctional connectivity between Broca and Wernicke
