Lesson 1Landmarks for early pregnancy: gestational sac, yolk sac, fetal pole, decidual reaction, and double decidual signDescribes key ultrasound markers of early pregnancy, including pregnancy sac, yolk sac, baby pole, and lining reaction, and explains the double lining sign, normal growth, and expected timing by pregnancy weeks.
Normal look of pregnancy sacYolk sac shape and size limitsBaby pole spotting and timingLining reaction and double lining signTimeline of expected early findingsLesson 2Transabdominal acquisition: standard sagittal and transverse pelvic planes and uterine orientationCovers over belly pelvic scanning in early pregnancy, including bladder prep, probe direction, standard length and side planes, and check of womb position to add to inside vagina imaging or when it's not allowed.
Bladder filling and patient placingMiddle length pelvic overviewSide pelvic sweep and side ovary checkSpotting womb tilt and bendImproving depth, focus, and gain settingsLesson 3Assessment of free fluid in pelvis: location (Morison, pouch of Douglas), quantification, and clinical implicationsExplains orderly check of free fluid in pelvis and upper belly, including key spaces, grading amount, and spotting bright clot, and links ultrasound findings to clinical hurry and possible outside womb break.
Scanning Douglas pouch and side guttersRight upper quadrant and Morison’s pouchDescribing dark versus mixed fluidHalf-measure grading of free fluidMeanings for suspected outside womb breakLesson 4Measurements and documentation: mean sac diameter (MSD), crown-rump length (CRL), fetal heart motion and how to measure/recordDetails standard measures and noting in early pregnancy, including mean sac width, crown-rump length, and baby heart rate, with guide on caliper place, image saving, video loops, and reporting to back right dating and life check.
Mean sac width method and trapsCrown-rump length and dating chartsBaby heart rate measure waysImage labeling and video loop savingBlending measures into reportsLesson 5Safety, informed consent and infection control for transvaginal scanningAddresses safety rules, informed agreement, and germ control for inside vagina scanning, including lowest dose, helper use, probe covers, high clean, and kind talk about private checks.
Lowest dose and early pregnancy safety numbersGetting and noting informed agreementHelper rules and patient respectProbe covers, gel use, and barrier waysHigh clean and trackingLesson 6Clinical indications, patient preparation: bladder filling protocols for transabdominal scanReviews clinical reasons for early pregnancy pelvic ultrasound and details patient prep, with stress on bladder filling plans for over belly scans, reasons against, and fitting approach to signs and blood flow state.
Common reasons in early pregnancyReasons against and relative limitsBladder filling amounts and timingExplaining method and handling worryFitting plan to unstable patientsLesson 7Transvaginal acquisition: systematic sagittal and coronal views, uterine fundus-to-cervix sweep, adnexal interrogationOutlines a step-by-step inside vagina scan, stressing probe handling, orderly length and front sweeps, and full check of womb, neck, and side areas to best see early pregnancy parts and pelvic illness.
Patient placing and probe insert methodMiddle womb length sweep base to neckSide length sweeps for womb sidesFront plane getting and improvementOrderly side ovary and back pouch checkLesson 8Reporting language for viability, dating, and suspected ectopic pregnancy; recommended follow-up intervals and when urgent referral is neededDefines standard reporting words for life, dating, and suspected outside womb pregnancy, and outlines suggested follow-up times, warning findings, and rules for urgent women or emergency send to back safe patient care.
Orderly report parts for early pregnancyStandard terms for life and doubtDating statements and measure reportingSuggested follow-up and repeat scan timingWhen to step up for urgent expert checkLesson 9Findings suggesting ectopic pregnancy: adnexal mass characteristics, tubal ring, and non-visualized IUP thresholds and beta-hCG correlationDetails ultrasound findings raising worry for outside womb pregnancy, including side masses, tube ring, and free fluid, and explains unseen inside womb pregnancy levels, cutoff beta-hCG, and blend with clinical risk factors.
Typical tube ring and side mass patternsRing of fire and blood flow checkFree fluid patterns and blood in bellyCutoff beta-hCG and missing inside womb pregnancyUnknown location pregnancy plansLesson 10Criteria to confirm intrauterine pregnancy versus pseudogestational sacExplains ultrasound rules confirming a true inside womb pregnancy, telling it from fake pregnancy sacs, and highlights traps, timing, and link with clinical data to avoid wrong diagnosis and wrong care.
Ultrasound features of true pregnancy sacDouble lining and inside lining signsMiddle fluid collections and fake sacsRole of yolk sac and baby pole spottingLink with signs and repeated beta-hCGLesson 11Probe selection and machine presets: transabdominal curvilinear and transvaginal endovaginal transducerCovers choice of right probes and presets for early pregnancy pelvic ultrasound, comparing over belly curved and inside vagina transducers, and explains improvement of wave, depth, and exam-specific settings.
Curved versus inside vagina transducersPicking wave for body shapePreset choice for early pregnancyAdjusting depth, focus, and rangeEchoes and clearness versus depth
