Lesson 1Axillary nerve anatomy: root levels, course through quadrangular space, sensory territory over lateral shoulder (regimental badge)We look closely at where the axillary nerve starts, how it passes through the quadrangular space, and its links to the surgical neck and deltoid muscle, then connect this to its muscle branches and feeling area on the side of the shoulder for easy clinical spotting.
C5–C6 roots and posterior cord contributionsBoundaries of the quadrangular space in the axillaRelationship to surgical neck and humeral headMotor branches to deltoid and teres minorLateral shoulder cutaneous field and variantsLesson 2Peripheral nerve testing and focused sensory mapping: how to localize axillary nerve injury using dermatomes and motor testsThis explains how to pinpoint axillary nerve damage using targeted muscle tests and skin feeling maps, bringing together skin areas, nerve fields, and checks against nearby nerves to tell root problems from end-branch issues.
Dermatomes versus peripheral cutaneous fieldsMotor testing of deltoid and teres minor strengthPinprick and light touch over regimental badgeDifferentiating axillary from C5 radiculopathyComparing axillary with radial and suprascapularLesson 3Gross anatomy of the shoulder girdle: clavicle, scapula, proximal humerus and important articular surfacesWe review the clavicle, scapula, and upper humerus structure, focusing on joint surfaces, dips, and bone shapes that make the shoulder and collarbone joints, to guide feeling the area, reading scans, and checking injuries.
Clavicle curvatures, ligaments, and muscle attachmentsScapular borders, angles, and fossae orientationGlenoid cavity, labrum attachment, and versionProximal humerus head, tubercles, and surgical neckAcromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint surfacesLesson 4Imaging selection and interpretation for shoulder trauma: plain radiographs (AP, scapular Y, axillary), when to use CT and MRI based on anatomical questionsThis covers picking and reading shoulder injury scans, with standard X-ray views, when to go for CT or MRI, and main body marks that show dislocations, breaks, and soft tissue damage on each type.
AP, scapular Y, and axillary radiographic viewsRadiographic signs of dislocation and subtle fractureWhen CT is preferred for complex fracture patternsWhen MRI is preferred for cuff and labral injuryRecognizing Hill‑Sachs and Bankart on imagingLesson 5Suprascapular and musculocutaneous nerve relations: brief review of sensory/somatic overlap around shoulderWe sum up suprascapular and musculocutaneous nerve paths around the shoulder, pointing out muscle branches, feeling overlaps, and common trap spots to separate their problems from just axillary nerve damage.
Suprascapular nerve course and notch anatomyInnervation of supraspinatus and infraspinatusMusculocutaneous nerve path through coracobrachialisLateral antebrachial cutaneous sensory fieldPatterns distinguishing these from axillary lesionsLesson 6Deltoid, rotator cuff, and axillary muscles: origins, insertions, actions, and relation to abduction/rotationWe detail starting points, ending points, nerve supply, and moves of deltoid and rotator cuff muscles, stressing their part in lifting the arm, turning it, and keeping the humerus steady, and how injuries cause specific weakness.
Deltoid heads, attachments, and abduction arcSupraspinatus origin, tendon path, and functionInfraspinatus and teres minor external rotation rolesSubscapularis internal rotation and anterior restraintMuscle injury patterns and clinical strength testingLesson 7Surface landmarks for shoulder exam and procedures: acromion, coracoid, deltoid tuberosity, quadrangular space identificationWe identify main feelable marks for checks and procedures, like acromion, coracoid, deltoid tuberosity, and quadrangular space, and show how to use them for injections, putting joints back, and safe tool placement.
Palpating acromion, spine, and acromial angleLocating the coracoid and coracoacromial archIdentifying deltoid tuberosity and humeral shaftTriangulating the quadrangular space on surfaceLandmarks for glenohumeral joint injectionLesson 8Common shoulder dislocations and fractures: anterior vs posterior dislocation signs, latissimus of flattening, Hill-Sachs and Bankart lesions anatomyWe explore how front and back shoulder dislocations happen, their scan signs, linked breaks, and key damages like Hill-Sachs and Bankart, tying bone and soft tissue harm to wobble patterns and nerve-blood risks.
Mechanisms of anterior versus posterior dislocationClinical signs and contour changes of dislocated shoulderHill‑Sachs lesion location and biomechanical impactBankart lesion anatomy and labral detachmentFractures of surgical neck, tuberosities, and glenoidNeurovascular complications in shoulder dislocationLesson 9Glenohumeral joint biomechanics: stability mechanisms, capsulolabral complex, rotator cuff functionWe break down steady and moving stabilizers of the shoulder joint, like capsule, lip, bands, and rotator cuff, and explain how they work together to keep motion smooth without slipping or repeated loose joints.
Glenoid version, depth, and concavity compressionCapsular ligaments and end‑range restraintRotator cuff force couples in elevationScapulohumeral rhythm and scapular stabilizersMechanisms of atraumatic and traumatic instabilityLesson 10Procedure landmarks and technique: reduction of anterior shoulder dislocation—stepwise maneuvers and anatomical rationale (traction-countertraction, scapular manipulation)We outline step-by-step ways to fix front shoulder dislocation, like pull-counterpull and scapula shift, with body reasons, warnings for breaks, and tips to guard the axillary nerve.
Pre‑reduction assessment and neurovascular checkPrinciples of muscle relaxation and analgesiaTraction‑countertraction setup and executionScapular manipulation technique and landmarksPost‑reduction imaging and stability assessment
