Lesson 1HVAC and central heating/cooling equipment: life expectancy, preventive maintenance and replacement indicatorsThis section covers central HVAC and heating/cooling systems, stressing life expectancy, preventive maintenance, efficiency drop, and failure signs that guide timing for big replacements and contingency plans.
Equipment inventory, tonnage and nameplate dataExpected service life by equipment type and dutyPreventive maintenance scope, logs and gapsPerformance decline, comfort and noise complaintsEnd‑of‑life indicators, failures and risk scoringLesson 2Plumbing systems: risers, potable and waste piping, typical 25-year issues and leak detectionThis section reviews water supply, waste, and storm pipes, noting common ageing issues, leak finding methods, and risk signs for planning riser replacements, lining, and emergency responses.
Domestic water, sanitary and storm system mappingPipe materials, ages and corrosion mechanismsChronic leaks, pinholes and repair historiesInspection tools, sensors and leak detection techRiser replacement planning and tenant impactsLesson 3Exterior walls, cladding and paint: materials, maintenance needs, moisture intrusion indicatorsThis section focuses on outer walls, cladding, sealants, and paint, teaching how to spot distress, moisture paths, and energy effects, and prioritise repairs over full re-cladding in plans.
Wall system types, materials and service livesCracking, spalling, fastener and anchor concernsSealant joints, terminations and failure patternsPaint and coating adhesion, chalking and fadingMoisture intrusion signs, testing and monitoringLesson 4Windows, balcony doors and glazing systems: performance degradation, thermal issues, and safety standardsThis section covers windows, balcony doors, and glass, explaining tests for performance, leaks, thermal comfort, and safety, plus evaluating replacement timing against targeted fixes.
Window and door types, ages and frame materialsAir and water leakage complaints and testingFogged units, seal failures and glass defectsThermal comfort, drafts and condensation issuesSafety glazing, guards and fall protection rulesLesson 5Roof systems: types, expected life cycles, condition grading (good/fair/poor) and failure risksThis section explains roof types, drainage, details, and evaluating membrane condition, insulation, leak history to grade roofs, estimate life left, and plan replacements before failures worsen.
Low‑slope, steep‑slope and specialty roof typesMembrane aging, blisters, splits and puncturesFlashings, terminations and penetration detailsRoof drainage, ponding and overflow provisionsLeak history, testing and replacement triggersLesson 6Electrical distribution: main panels, feeders, load capacity, code compliance and overcurrent protectionThis section checks electrical from service entry to panels, focusing on capacity, age, protection, code compliance, and how issues affect safety, reliability, and upgrade priorities.
Service entrance, transformers and meteringMain switchgear age, condition and sparesPanelboards, feeders and load measurementsOvercurrent devices, coordination and labelingGrounding, bonding and arc‑flash risk reviewLesson 7Underground parking and garage waterproofing: slab and joint deterioration, drainage and structural concernsThis section addresses basement parking and garages, stressing waterproofing, drainage, concrete wear, structural shifts, and how defects guide repairs, phasing, and funding.
Slab cracking, spalling and delamination mappingJoint sealant, waterstops and leakage pointsDrainage slopes, trench drains and sump systemsChloride exposure, corrosion and rebar damageStructural monitoring, shoring and repair optionsLesson 8Vertical transportation: elevator components, modernisation triggers, inspection and testing requirementsThis section covers lifts and vertical transport, key parts, inspections, tests, reliability measures, and modernisation signs for long-range budgeting and regulatory coordination.
Elevator types, drives, controllers and cabsRide quality, shutdown logs and reliability trendsCode inspections, tests and deficiency reportsSafety devices, entrapment and rescue proceduresModernization scope, phasing and tenant impactsLesson 9Outdoor spaces: path paving, site drainage, lighting, landscaping and small garden maintenanceThis section covers outside paths, drainage, lights, plants, focusing on condition, safety, maintenance history for long-term renewal planning and risk management.
Inventory of walks, drives and hardscape areasPavement defects, trip hazards and surface ratingsSite drainage patterns, ponding and erosion risksExterior lighting levels, controls and dark spotsLandscape health, roots, heave and maintenanceLesson 10Interior common areas and finishes: flooring, lighting, accessibility, and surface renewalsThis section examines shared indoor spaces like lobbies, corridors, amenity rooms, linking wear, accessibility issues, aesthetics to renewal timing, budgeting, and minimal disruption.
Lobby and corridor finish inventories and agesFlooring wear, slip resistance and replacement cyclesWall, ceiling and trim damage, stains and repairsLighting quality, controls and energy considerationsAccessibility barriers, signage and hardware updatesLesson 11Fire protection systems: alarms, sprinklers, emergency lighting, means of egress and legal complianceThis section details fire alarms, sprinklers, lights, escape paths, explaining inspections, grading, code gaps, and how issues link to life-safety and liability risks.
Fire alarm panels, devices and testing recordsSprinkler coverage, corrosion and impairment risksStandpipes, hose cabinets and fire department accessEmergency lighting, exit signs and backup powerEgress routes, doors, hardware and code variances
