Lesson 1Agency relationships and duties: types of agency, disclosure obligations, fiduciary dutiesThis section explains agency relationships in real estate, including creation and termination of agency, types of representation, disclosure requirements, fiduciary duties owed to clients, and limited duties owed to customers in the Ghanaian market.
Creation and termination of agencySeller, buyer, and dual agency modelsDesignated and transaction brokerageRequired agency and disclosure formsFiduciary duties and standard of careLesson 2Real estate finance: mortgages, lending instruments, amortization, and basic loan calculationsThis section introduces real estate finance concepts, including mortgage types, lending instruments, loan underwriting, amortisation schedules, and basic loan calculations that appear on licensing exams and in everyday brokerage practice in Ghana.
Promissory notes and security instrumentsMortgage, deed of trust, and lien theoryFixed, adjustable, and balloon loansAmortization tables and loan balance mathLoan origination, points, and APR basicsLesson 3Valuation and appraisal fundamentals: market value, approaches to value, and comparable analysisThis section introduces valuation and appraisal principles, including market value, forces that influence value, the sales comparison, cost, and income approaches, and how appraisers use comparables and adjustments in reports for Ghana.
Market value versus price and costPrinciples and forces affecting valueSales comparison approach and adjustmentsCost approach and depreciation typesIncome approach and capitalization rateLesson 4Real estate math: prorations, commission calculations, area/volume, loan payment and qualifying ratiosThis section explains common real estate maths tested on the exam, including prorations, commissions, area and volume, loan payment calculations, and qualifying ratios used by lenders to evaluate borrower affordability in Ghana.
Proration methods for taxes and rentsSales commissions and net-to-seller mathArea, perimeter, and volume calculationsLoan payment and interest computationsDebt-to-income and qualifying ratiosLesson 5Leases and property management basics: landlord/tenant rights, lease terms, security depositsThis section covers basic leasing and property management topics, including lease types, essential lease clauses, landlord and tenant rights and duties, security deposit handling, and fair housing issues in rental management in Ghana.
Types of residential and commercial leasesEssential lease terms and clausesLandlord and tenant rights and dutiesSecurity deposits and trust accountsProperty manager duties and reportingLesson 6Property ownership and land descriptions: estates, forms of ownership, and legal descriptionsThis section reviews property ownership concepts, including freehold and leasehold estates, concurrent ownership forms, homestead and dower rights, and legal land descriptions used to identify property in deeds and public records in Ghana.
Freehold and leasehold estate typesSole, joint, and common ownership formsCommunity property and marital rightsMetes and bounds legal descriptionsLot and block and rectangular surveyLesson 7Closings and settlement processes: title transfer, escrow, closing statements, title insuranceThis section covers the closing process from contract to deed recording, including escrow procedures, title searches, closing disclosures, settlement statements, and the role of title insurance in managing risk for buyers and lenders in Ghana.
Steps from contract to closingEscrow accounts and escrow instructionsTitle search, examination, and defectsClosing disclosures and settlement formsTitle insurance coverage and claimsLesson 8Contracts and contract law: formation, enforceability, contingencies, breach, and remediesThis section explains contract law as applied to real estate, including contract formation, essential elements, enforceability, contingencies, performance, breach, and available legal and equitable remedies for nonperforming parties in Ghana.
Essential elements of valid contractsOffer, counteroffer, and acceptanceVoid, voidable, and unenforceable contractsCommon real estate contingenciesBreach, damages, and specific performanceLesson 9Ethics and professional conduct: confidentiality, conflicts of interest, unlicensed practice, advertising rulesThis section reviews ethical and professional conduct standards, including confidentiality, conflicts of interest, handling client funds, advertising rules, unlicensed practice, and disciplinary actions by real estate regulators in Ghana.
Confidentiality and client loyaltyConflicts of interest and disclosuresHandling trust funds and escrowTruthful and compliant advertisingUnlicensed practice and penaltiesLesson 10Fair housing and anti-discrimination law: protected classes, prohibited practices, advertising rulesThis section explains federal and state fair housing and anti-discrimination laws, protected classes, prohibited practices, reasonable accommodations, steering and blockbusting, and advertising rules to ensure equal housing opportunity in Ghana.
Protected classes under federal lawProhibited discriminatory practicesReasonable accommodations and accessSteering, blockbusting, and redliningFair housing compliant advertisingLesson 11Public and private land use controls: zoning, easements, covenants, and eminent domainThis section covers public and private land use controls, including zoning, building codes, subdivision regulations, easements, deed restrictions, and governmental powers such as eminent domain and taxation affecting property in Ghana.
Zoning classifications and variancesBuilding codes and occupancy permitsEasements creation and terminationDeed restrictions and covenantsEminent domain, taxation, and police power
