Lesson 1HVAC and central heating/cooling equipment: life expectancy, preventive maintenance and replacement indicatorsThis section addresses central HVAC and heating/cooling plants, emphasising life expectancy, preventive maintenance, efficiency decline, and failure indicators that drive timing of major replacements and contingency planning in capital programmes.
Equipment inventory, tonnage and nameplate dataExpected service life by equipment type and dutyPreventive maintenance scope, logs and gapsPerformance decline, comfort and noise complaintsEnd‑of‑life indicators, failures and risk scoringLesson 2Plumbing systems: risers, potable and waste piping, typical 25-year issues and leak detectionThis section reviews domestic water, sanitary, and storm piping, highlighting typical ageing patterns, leak detection methods, and risk indicators that support planning for riser replacements, lining projects, and emergency response protocols.
Domestic water, sanitary and storm system mappingPipe materials, ages and corrosion mechanismsChronic leaks, pinholes and repair historiesInspection tools, sensors and leak detection techRiser replacement planning and tenant impactsLesson 3Exterior walls, cladding and paint: materials, maintenance needs, moisture intrusion indicatorsThis section focuses on exterior wall assemblies, cladding, sealants, and coatings, teaching how to recognise distress, moisture pathways, and energy impacts, and how to prioritise repairs versus full recladding in a multi-year works plan.
Wall system types, materials and service livesCracking, spalling, fastener and anchor concernsSealant joints, terminations and failure patternsPaint and coating adhesion, chalking and fadingMoisture intrusion signs, testing and monitoringLesson 4Windows, balcony doors and glazing systems: performance degradation, thermal issues, and safety standardsThis section focuses on windows, balcony doors, and glazing, explaining performance testing, air and water leakage, thermal comfort, and safety requirements, and how to evaluate replacement timing versus targeted repairs and resealing.
Window and door types, ages and frame materialsAir and water leakage complaints and testingFogged units, seal failures and glass defectsThermal comfort, drafts and condensation issuesSafety glazing, guards and fall protection rulesLesson 5Roof systems: types, expected life cycles, condition grading (good/fair/poor) and failure risksThis section explains roof system types, drainage, and detailing, and how to evaluate membrane condition, insulation performance, and leak history to grade roofs, estimate remaining life, and schedule phased replacements before failures escalate.
Low‑slope, steep‑slope and specialty roof typesMembrane aging, blisters, splits and puncturesFlashings, terminations and penetration detailsRoof drainage, ponding and overflow provisionsLeak history, testing and replacement triggersLesson 6Electrical distribution: main panels, feeders, load capacity, code compliance and overcurrent protectionThis section examines electrical distribution from service entrance to panels, focusing on capacity, equipment age, protection devices, and code compliance, and how deficiencies influence safety risk, resilience, and upgrade prioritisation.
Service entrance, transformers and meteringMain switchgear age, condition and sparesPanelboards, feeders and load measurementsOvercurrent devices, coordination and labelingGrounding, bonding and arc‑flash risk reviewLesson 7Underground parking and garage waterproofing: slab and joint deterioration, drainage and structural concernsThis section addresses underground parking and garage structures, emphasising waterproofing, drainage, concrete deterioration, and structural movement, and how observed defects guide repair scopes, phasing, and reserve funding levels.
Slab cracking, spalling and delamination mappingJoint sealant, waterstops and leakage pointsDrainage slopes, trench drains and sump systemsChloride exposure, corrosion and rebar damageStructural monitoring, shoring and repair optionsLesson 8Vertical transportation: elevator components, modernisation triggers, inspection and testing requirementsThis section covers lifts and other vertical transport, outlining key components, inspection and testing regimes, reliability metrics, and modernisation triggers that inform long-range budgeting and coordination with regulatory authorities.
Elevator types, drives, controllers and cabsRide quality, shutdown logs and reliability trendsCode inspections, tests and deficiency reportsSafety devices, entrapment and rescue proceduresModernization scope, phasing and tenant impactsLesson 9Outdoor spaces: path paving, site drainage, lighting, landscaping and small garden maintenanceThis section covers exterior circulation and landscape assets, focusing on pavement, drainage, lighting, and planting systems, and how their condition, safety performance, and maintenance history affect long-term renewal planning and risk.
Inventory of walks, drives and hardscape areasPavement defects, trip hazards and surface ratingsSite drainage patterns, ponding and erosion risksExterior lighting levels, controls and dark spotsLandscape health, roots, heave and maintenanceLesson 10Interior common areas and finishes: flooring, lighting, accessibility, and surface renewalsThis section examines interior shared spaces, including lobbies, corridors, amenity rooms, and finishes, linking wear patterns, accessibility gaps, and aesthetic standards to renewal timing, budgeting, and disruption planning in occupied buildings.
Lobby and corridor finish inventories and agesFlooring wear, slip resistance and replacement cyclesWall, ceiling and trim damage, stains and repairsLighting quality, controls and energy considerationsAccessibility barriers, signage and hardware updatesLesson 11Fire protection systems: alarms, sprinklers, emergency lighting, means of egress and legal complianceThis section details fire protection components, from alarms and sprinklers to egress paths and emergency lighting, explaining inspection cycles, condition grading, code gaps, and how deficiencies translate into life-safety and liability risk.
Fire alarm panels, devices and testing recordsSprinkler coverage, corrosion and impairment risksStandpipes, hose cabinets and fire department accessEmergency lighting, exit signs and backup powerEgress routes, doors, hardware and code variances
