Lesson 1Ongoing shifts since 2010s: settlement expansion, diplomatic realignments, and recent major incidentsThis lesson reviews developments from the 2010s onwards, covering settlement growth, Gaza conflicts, regional normalisation, divisions within Palestinian groups, and evolving US and international diplomacy, leading to significant escalations and altered conflict perspectives.
Settlement legalisation and de facto annexationGaza wars and evolving military doctrinesArab normalisation and the Abraham AccordsIntra-Palestinian political fragmentationUS policy shifts across administrationsGlobal public opinion and legal initiativesLesson 2Suez Crisis and 1950s regional dynamics: Arab states and Israeli securityThis lesson examines the 1956 Suez Crisis, the secret alliance between Israel, Britain, and France, and responses from the US and Soviet Union, demonstrating its effects on Israeli defence, Arab nationalism, UN peacekeeping, and Cold War positions in the region.
Egyptian nationalism and canal nationalisationTripartite collusion and invasion plansIsraeli campaign in Sinai PeninsulaUS and Soviet diplomatic interventionUNEF deployment and Israeli withdrawalImpact on Nasserism and Arab–Israeli rivalryLesson 3Gaza developments since 2005 and periodic escalations: blockade, governance, and conflictThis lesson concentrates on Gaza following Israel's 2005 withdrawal, Hamas's control, the blockade system, and recurring wars, evaluating humanitarian situations, governance issues, regional mediation, and Gaza's role in broader conflict patterns.
Israeli disengagement and settlement removalHamas electoral victory and takeover of GazaBlockade policies and border controlsRocket fire, airstrikes, and ground incursionsHumanitarian crisis and reconstruction cyclesEgyptian, Qatari, and UN mediation effortsLesson 41967 Six-Day War and its consequences: territories, occupation, and settlementsThis lesson investigates the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel's swift triumphs, and the seizure of the West Bank, Gaza, Sinai, and Golan Heights, following how occupation, UN Resolution 242, and initial settlement efforts redefined the conflict's landscape and politics.
Regional tensions and pre-war military movesCourse of the war on multiple frontsTerritorial gains and new ceasefire linesUN Resolution 242 and land-for-peace ideaMilitary rule in occupied territoriesOrigins of ideological settlement movementsLesson 5UN Partition Plan and 1947–49 war: outcome, refugees, and state formationThis lesson addresses the 1947 UN Partition Plan, the civil war in Mandatory Palestine, the 1948 Arab–Israeli war, and armistice boundaries, clarifying state creation, refugee movements, and the rise of opposing narratives of triumph and disaster.
UNSCOP proposals and partition map detailsYishuv and Arab leadership responsesCivil war phase in late Mandate periodArab state intervention and major battlesArmistice agreements and Green Line bordersPalestinian refugee crisis and Nakba memoryLesson 6British Mandate period and intercommunal tensions (1918–1947)This lesson explores the British Mandate in Palestine, legal structures, immigration rules, and land conflicts, tracing how communal violence, British divide-and-rule strategies, and unsuccessful partition ideas prepared the ground for subsequent warfare.
League of Nations Mandate and British objectivesBalfour Declaration and legal incorporationJewish immigration waves and land purchasesArab protests, strikes, and rural revoltsBritish policing and emergency regulationsPeel Commission and partition proposalsLesson 7Zionist congresses and early settlement (1897–1918): aims and international receptionThis lesson reviews early Zionist politics from the First Zionist Congress to World War I, concentrating on ideological discussions, settlement plans, diplomacy with major powers, and local Arab society's perceptions and responses to these developments.
Herzl, Basel Programme, and Zionist institutionsPolitical versus practical Zionism debatesEarly agricultural colonies and land fundsRelations with Ottoman authorities and elitesArab press reactions and local oppositionWorld War I diplomacy and the Balfour pledgeLesson 81978–79 Camp David and Egypt–Israel peace: diplomacy and regional impactThis lesson examines the Camp David Accords, Egypt's individual peace with Israel, and US mediation, assessing how the agreement altered regional partnerships, Palestinian diplomacy, military equilibria, and the Arab world's stance towards Israel.
Sadat’s visit to Jerusalem and diplomatic openingCamp David negotiations and US mediationTerms of the Egypt–Israel peace treatySinai withdrawal and security arrangementsRegional Arab reaction and Egypt’s isolationImpact on Palestinian representation and strategyLesson 9First and Second Intifadas: popular uprising, tactics, and political effects (1987–1993; 2000–2005)This lesson follows the First and Second Intifadas, contrasting grassroots efforts, methods, and leadership, and assessing how each revolt transformed Israeli and Palestinian politics, security measures, and global involvement in the conflict.
Origins and organisation of the First IntifadaPopular committees, strikes, and boycottsOslo process emerging from the First IntifadaTrigger events of the Second IntifadaSuicide bombings and Israeli military responsePolitical fallout for Israeli and Palestinian leadersLesson 10Oslo process and its limits: agreements, institutions, and failuresThis lesson analyses the Oslo structure, its step-by-step method, and emerging institutions, underscoring main agreements, security collaboration, settlement patterns, and the reasons the process faltered, unresolved on vital final issues.
Oslo I, Oslo II, and Declaration of PrinciplesCreation and powers of the Palestinian AuthoritySecurity coordination and policing arrangementsSettlement expansion during the Oslo yearsAssassinations, bombings, and mutual distrustCamp David 2000 and collapse of final talks
