Lesson 1Quality control and testing of repairs (coring, pull-off tests, visual acceptance criteria, monitoring)This section addresses quality control for underwater repairs, including preplacement checks, coring, pull-off tests, visual acceptance criteria, and long-term monitoring, with procedures for documenting results and corrective actions.
Preplacement inspections and checklistsSampling, coring and compressive testingPull‑off and bond tests on repaired areasVisual acceptance criteria for divers and QA staffPost‑repair monitoring and performance trackingLesson 2Mechanisms of concrete deterioration in marine environments (chloride attack, carbonation, freeze-thaw, abrasion)This section examines how marine exposure degrades concrete, covering chloride ingress, carbonation, freeze-thaw, abrasion, and chemical attack, and links deterioration mechanisms to typical underwater defects and repair strategy choices.
Chloride penetration and reinforcement corrosionCarbonation effects in tidal and splash zonesFreeze‑thaw and scaling in cold marine watersAbrasion and impact from ice, debris and vesselsChemical and biological attack on concreteLesson 3Tools and diver equipment specific to concrete work (underwater mixers, grout pumps, tremie hoses, underwater vibrators)This section details tools and diver-worn equipment used for underwater concrete work, including mixers, grout pumps, tremie hoses, vibrators, and support gear, emphasizing safe handling, maintenance, and efficient deployment from the surface.
Underwater and deck‑mounted concrete mixersGrout pumps, hoses and pressure controlTremie hose handling and diver coordinationUnderwater vibrators and consolidation toolsPPE and support gear for concrete operationsLesson 4Assessment techniques for submerged concrete and exposed reinforcement (visual, sounding, chain drag, ultrasonic testing)This section presents methods to assess submerged concrete and exposed reinforcement, including visual inspection, sounding, chain drag, and ultrasonic testing, with guidance on defect mapping, documentation, and diver-tender communication.
Planning underwater inspection scopes and accessVisual inspection patterns and defect recordingSounding and chain drag for delamination detectionUltrasonic and pulse‑echo testing underwaterCondition rating and repair priority decisionsLesson 5Underwater repair materials: hydraulic repair mortars, cementitious grouts, anti-washout formulations, epoxy mortarsThis section reviews underwater repair materials such as hydraulic mortars, cementitious grouts, anti-washout mixes, and epoxy mortars, explaining selection criteria, handling, storage, and performance considerations for marine structures.
Hydraulic repair mortars for hand and form repairsCementitious grouts for voids and baseplatesAnti‑washout concrete and grout formulationsEpoxy mortars and bonding agents underwaterMaterial storage, mixing and pot life controlLesson 6Formwork and cofferdam options for underwater repair (removable formwork, prefabricated collars, inflatable dams)This section describes formwork and cofferdam solutions for underwater repair, including removable forms, prefabricated collars, and inflatable dams, focusing on selection, installation, sealing, bracing, and safe dewatering procedures.
Criteria for selecting formwork or cofferdamsDesign of removable underwater formwork systemsPrefabricated collars for piles and columnsInflatable dams and temporary water exclusionSealing, bracing and controlled dewateringLesson 7Mixing, placement and curing of underwater cementitious materials (anti-washout admixtures, tremie and pumping techniques)This section covers proportioning, mixing, and placing underwater concrete and repair mortars, focusing on anti-washout admixtures, tremie and pump placement, consolidation, and curing practices that maintain strength and durability below water.
Proportioning underwater concrete and repair mortarsSelection and dosage of anti‑washout admixturesTremie pipe setup, positioning and operationUnderwater concrete pumping procedures and limitsCuring methods and protection in submerged conditionsLesson 8Surface preparation methods underwater (hydro-scarifying, scabbling, needle-gunning, abrasive water jetting, hand tools)This section explains how divers prepare submerged concrete surfaces for bonding, covering cleaning, hydro-scarifying, scabbling, needle-gunning, abrasive water jetting, and hand tools, with emphasis on profile, cleanliness, and safety controls.
Marine growth and contamination removal stepsHydro‑scarifying equipment and operating limitsScabbling and needle‑gunning techniques underwaterAbrasive water jetting setup and safety zonesHand tools for detailing edges and tight areas
