Lesson 1Network vs Analogue Systems: NVR vs DVR Architectures and Hybrid OptionsGrasp the differences between analogue and IP CCTV systems, including DVR, NVR, and hybrid setups. Discover migration approaches, cabling effects, and when to retain old coax lines or switch fully to network video in Botswana sites.
Analogue HD formats over coaxIP camera and NVR setupsHybrid DVR and encoder choicesBandwidth and cabling effectsMigration from DVR to full IPLesson 2Recorders and Storage: NVR Sizing, RAID Options, Retention Calculations, Write Endurance and HDD SelectionLearn to size NVRs based on channel numbers, bitrate, and retention periods. Compare RAID levels, HDD varieties, and write endurance, plus calculate storage for various resolutions and frame rates in real-world applications.
Bitrate estimation per camera streamRetention and storage sizing formulasRAID 0, 1, 5, 6, and 10 trade-offsSurveillance-grade HDD vs desktop HDDWrite endurance and workload ratingsLesson 3Types of CCTV Cameras (Fixed, Varifocal, PTZ, Dome, Bullet) and Use-CasesCompare fixed, varifocal, PTZ, dome, and bullet cameras and their ideal uses. Understand how form, environment, and risk levels guide camera selection for deterrence and vandalism resistance in local settings.
Fixed lens cameras for simple scenesVarifocal lenses for flexible framingPTZ cameras for active monitoringDome vs bullet form factor selectionVandal-resistant and covert optionsLesson 4Sensor Formats, Resolution, Frame Rates, and Low-Light Performance (1/2.8", 2MP, 4MP, 4K, WDR, IR Range)Examine how sensor size, resolution, and frame rate impact image quality and bandwidth. Explore low-light features like WDR, IR range, and noise reduction, balancing detail with storage and network constraints.
Common sensor sizes and crop factors2MP, 4MP, 4K resolution pros and consFrame rate vs motion blur and storageTrue WDR vs digital WDR techniquesIR illumination range and limitationsLesson 5Choosing Realistic Models: Interpreting Datasheets, Vendor Reputations, Warranty and Support ConsiderationsBuild skills to read camera and NVR datasheets, assess true performance, and dodge marketing hype. Evaluate vendor reliability, firmware updates, warranties, and support processes for model selection in Botswana.
Key specs that truly affect performanceReading sensitivity and lux ratingsVerifying bitrate and codec claimsVendor firmware and security historyWarranty terms and RMA proceduresLesson 6Network Switches and PoE: PoE Standards (802.3af/at/bt), Budget Calculations, Managed vs Unmanaged SwitchesMaster PoE standards, power budgets, and switch choices for CCTV networks. Compare managed and unmanaged options, port numbers, uplink capacity, and redundancy for dependable camera connections.
802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt power levelsCalculating PoE power budgetsPoE switch vs midspan injectorsManaged vs unmanaged switch featuresUplink capacity and oversubscriptionLesson 7Camera Features: PoE, ONVIF Compatibility, Motion Detection, Audio, Tamper DetectionExamine essential camera features for integration and ease of use, like PoE, ONVIF, motion detection, audio, and tamper alerts. Determine when each is vital, optional, or unneeded for projects.
PoE classes and power draw per cameraONVIF profiles and interoperabilityMotion detection and smart analyticsAudio input, output, and legal issuesTamper detection and event handlingLesson 8Accessory Selection: Mounts, Housings, Sunshields, Cable Glands, Surge Protectors, and Weatherproofing for External UnitsReview accessories for protecting and securing CCTV setups, such as mounts, housings, sunshields, glands, and surge guards. Apply weatherproofing for durable outdoor installations in Botswana conditions.
Wall, pole, and corner mount choicesOutdoor housings and sunshieldsCable glands and strain reliefSurge protectors and groundingWeatherproofing seals and ratingsLesson 9Power Supplies and Redundancy for CCTV: DC Injectors, Centralised Power Supplies, UPS Sizing for Recorders and Network EquipmentStudy power choices for cameras and recorders, including DC supplies, PoE injectors, and UPS units. Size UPS capacity and plan redundancy to maintain recording during power cuts.
Centralised vs local power suppliesDC distribution and voltage dropPoE injectors and midspan designUPS sizing for NVRs and switchesRedundant power and failover plansLesson 10Lens Selection, Field of View, and Focal Length Calculations for Given Coverage AreasUnderstand how focal length, sensor size, and lens type influence field of view and detail. Practise coverage planning, angle choices, and lens calculations for identification, recognition, or overview needs.
Fixed vs varifocal lens characteristicsFocal length, FoV, and distance relationsSensor size impact on coverage widthCalculating pixels per foot or metreSelecting lenses for entrances and gates
