Lesson 1Escalation Plan for Increasing Aggression or Panic: Stopping Procedure, Safe Withdrawal, Sedation Criteria, Re-scheduling and DocumentationDevelop a step-by-step response plan for growing fear, aggression, or panic in dogs. Understand when to pause, stop, or opt for sedation, along with safe withdrawal methods, ethical documentation, and rescheduling procedures in a Botswana clinic context.
Early warning signs of escalationCriteria for pausing or stoppingSafe disengagement and room exitWhen to recommend chemical sedationRescheduling and case flaggingDebriefing and protocol adjustmentLesson 2Stress-Reduction Measures During Procedure: Low-Voice Cues, Counterconditioning, Timed Breaks, Analgesia or Anxiolytic Considerations (Protocol Discussion Only)Implement tools to lower stress during handling, such as calm voice tones, predictable touches, and treat-based counterconditioning. Schedule short breaks, evaluate analgesia or anxiolytics, and steer clear of actions that amplify fear in nervous dogs.
Low, steady voice and breathing controlTreat delivery and cooperative careGentle touch and pressure techniquesPlanned pauses and short breaksAnalgesia and anxiolytic indicationsBehaviors that increase canine stressLesson 3Bite and Scratch Risk Mitigation: Safe Hand Placement, Protective Equipment Choices, Muzzling Technique and Fit ChecksMinimize risks of bites and scratches by using proper hand positions, body alignment, and protective gear. Master applying basket or cloth muzzles, ensuring correct fit, and observing breathing and stress levels during restraint in clinic environments.
Safe zones for hands and forearmsBody positioning to avoid the bite arcSelecting gloves and arm protectionChoosing basket versus cloth muzzleFitting and checking muzzle securityMonitoring breathing and distress signsLesson 4Recordkeeping, Consent, and Post-Procedure Monitoring: Monitoring Vitals, Bandage Application, Discharging Dog, and Incident ReportingRecord owner consent, procedure plans, and behaviour observations prior to handling. Post-blood draw, check vital signs, inspect the venipuncture site and bandage, log incidents, and provide clear discharge instructions to owners in Botswana veterinary settings.
Obtaining informed owner consentBaseline vitals and pre-procedure notesBandage placement and site inspectionShort-term monitoring after venipunctureBehavior and incident documentationOwner communication and home careLesson 5Restraint Options and Selection Criteria: Lateral Recumbency vs Sitting Restraint, Use of Slip or Basket Muzzle, Head Restraint, Towel Wrap MethodsEvaluate restraint choices for a nervous medium-sized dog, covering sitting, standing, and lateral positions. Determine when to use muzzles or towel wraps, balancing safety, sample quality, and the animal's emotional well-being during procedures.
Indications for sitting restraintWhen to use lateral recumbencySlip lead versus basket muzzle useHead control without overpressureTowel wrap methods for added controlBalancing safety and welfare needsLesson 6Approach Technique and Initial Contact: Slow Movement, Side-On Approach, Hand Signals, Offering Treats and Towel IntroductionEmploy a gradual, side-on approach to build trust before restraining the dog. Align body posture, use hand signals, offer treats, introduce towels or tools slowly, and know when to halt if the dog's fear intensifies in the clinic.
Planning entry route and door controlSide-on posture and averted gazeReading response to first approachTreat offering and consent testingIntroducing towel and equipmentCriteria for aborting initial contactLesson 7Step-by-Step Jugular Blood Draw Protocol: Positioning on Table or Floor, Head Control Methods, Assistant Roles, Needle Angle and Depth, Handling Rebound MovementExecute a jugular blood draw safely, positioning on table or floor, securing head and body, and using correct needle angle and depth. Work with assistants to handle sudden movements and safeguard the airway during the procedure.
Choosing table versus floor positioningHead and neck alignment and supportAssistant roles at forelimbs and bodyNeedle angle, depth, and stabilizationManaging coughing or sudden movementPost-draw pressure and bandage useLesson 8Pre-Approach Assessment and Patient Reading: Evaluating Body Language, Stress Score, and Medical History ReviewAssess a nervous dog prior to contact by observing posture, facial tension, and sounds, integrating stress scores and medical history to forecast handling risks and select the most secure restraint strategy in Botswana clinics.
Baseline observation from a distanceKey canine fear and anxiety signalsUsing stress scores to guide handlingReviewing medical and behavior historyPredicting handling and restraint riskLesson 9Step-by-Step Cephalic Blood Draw Protocol: Positioning, Vein Visualization, Tourniquet Use, Assistant Positioning, Needle Insertion and Withdrawal, Minimizing MovementConduct a precise cephalic blood draw, from positioning and vein identification to tourniquet application, needle insertion, and withdrawal, coordinating with assistants to limit movement and avoid complications in clinical practice.
Choosing side and limb for venipunctureHandler and assistant body positioningVein distension and tourniquet techniqueNeedle angle, insertion, and stabilizationTube filling, release, and needle withdrawalManaging hematoma or failed attemptsLesson 10Personnel Roles and Communication: Assigning Handler, Recorder, Veterinarian; Clear Commands and Escape-Route AwarenessAssign distinct roles to team members like handler, venipuncturist, and recorder. Use clear verbal instructions, verify the plan, and stay mindful of exits and alternatives if the dog poses a safety risk during handling.
Assigning handler and venipuncturistRecorder and timekeeper responsibilitiesPre-procedure briefing and role rehearsalStandard verbal cues and confirmationsMaintaining line-of-sight and exit accessLesson 11Clinic Environment Setup: Room Layout, Lighting, Non-Slip Flooring, Calming Pheromones, Equipment Checklist (Muzzles, Towels, Gloves, Cat/Bandage Tape, Syringe Setup)Prepare a serene and practical clinic area with secure layouts, reliable surfaces, and suitable lighting. Include non-slip mats, pheromone aids, and full kits for restraint and venipuncture before introducing the dog to the space.
Room layout and escape-route controlLighting, noise, and visual distractionsNon-slip mats and table surface choicesPheromone diffusers and sound maskingPre-loading venipuncture and restraint kit
