Lesson 1Exam documentation: describing abnormal findings and communicating significance to supervising clinicianThis part teaches exact, fact-based recording of unusual body findings, standard terms, note organisation, and straightforward sharing of medical meaning and urgency with overseeing doctors and care groups in Botswana clinics.
Objective versus subjective exam languageDescribing location, size, and qualityStandard abbreviations and terminologyLinking findings to likely diagnosesFlagging urgent or critical abnormalitiesSBAR and other communication formatsLesson 2Musculoskeletal and rheumatologic screening for inflammatory causes of fatigueThis part tackles aimed bone-joint and joint disease checks in tired patients, stressing joint looks, touches, movement range, swelling signs, function checks, and patterns hinting at body-wide joint illnesses in Botswana.
Screening history for inflammatory symptomsJoint inspection and palpation basicsActive and passive range of motionDetecting synovitis and enthesitisFunctional assessment and gait reviewRed flags for systemic rheumatic diseaseLesson 3Cardiovascular exam: inspection, palpation, heart sounds, JVP, peripheral perfusionThis part centres on a directed heart-vessel check, including looks, touches, listening to heart beats, neck vein pressure, outer pulses, swelling, and blood flow to spot heart weakness, valve issues, and shock in Botswana patients.
Precordial inspection and palpationAuscultation of S1, S2, and extra soundsMurmur timing, location, and radiationEstimating jugular venous pressurePeripheral pulses, temperature, and colorPeripheral edema and perfusion gradingLesson 4Vital signs interpretation with attention to orthostasis and feverThis part clarifies correct vital sign checks and meanings, stressing stand-up blood pressure drops, fever types, and blending heart rate, pressure, breath rate, and oxygen levels for early danger ranking in Botswana care.
Standardized vital sign measurementOrthostatic blood pressure and heart rateFever patterns and diagnostic cluesTachycardia, bradycardia, and pulse qualityRespiratory rate and oxygen saturationVital sign red flags requiring escalationLesson 5Skin and lymphatic exam for pallor, bruising, rashes, or lymphadenopathyThis part examines orderly skin and fluid system checks to find paleness, marks, skin outbreaks, and gland swelling, stressing pattern spotting, danger signs, and links to blood, germ, immune, and cancer diseases in Botswana.
Structured skin inspection head to toeRecognizing clinically significant pallorPatterns of bruising and petechiaeMorphology and distribution of rashesLymph node stations and palpation techniqueRed-flag skin and lymphatic findingsLesson 6Neurologic screening: mental status, cranial nerves, motor strength, reflexes, sensationThis part reviews a short nerve system check, covering mind state, head nerves, muscle power, reflexes, feeling, and balance, stressing finding one-sided weaknesses, evenness, and needs for quick brain scans in Botswana.
Rapid mental status and cognition checkScreening cranial nerve examinationMotor bulk, tone, and strength testingDeep tendon reflexes and pathologic signsLight touch and pinprick sensationCoordination, gait, and Romberg testingLesson 7Abdominal exam for hepatosplenomegaly and masses linked to systemic diseaseThis part details aimed belly checks for liver-spleen swelling and lumps, with looks, listening, tapping, and touching methods, stressing body-wide illness hints and needs for urgent pictures in Botswana clinics.
Abdominal inspection and contour assessmentAuscultation for bowel sounds and bruitsPercussion for organ size and dullnessPalpation of liver edge and consistencyPalpation of spleen and splenic tipCharacterizing abdominal masses and tendernessLesson 8Focused sleep and airway exam: oropharynx, neck circumference, Mallampati for sleep apnea riskThis part covers aimed air passage and sleep checks, including mouth-throat looks, neck size, Mallampati scores, and face features raising blocked sleep breathing risks, guiding further tests or sends in Botswana.
Airway-focused history for sleep symptomsOropharyngeal inspection and tonsil sizeMallampati classification techniqueMeasuring and interpreting neck circumferenceCraniofacial and nasal obstruction findingsWhen to refer for sleep study evaluationLesson 9Neck and thyroid examination: inspection, palpation for goiter, nodules, bruitsThis part covers orderly neck and thyroid checks, including looks for unevenness, touches for swelling and lumps, checks for soreness and feel, and listening for rush sounds hinting at extra blood flow in Botswana patients.
Neck inspection for symmetry and massesMidline and lateral neck palpationThyroid size, contour, and consistencyDetection and description of nodulesThyroid tenderness and compressive signsAuscultation for thyroid and carotid bruitsLesson 10Pulmonary exam: auscultation for consolidation, COPD, effusion signsThis part explains lung check methods, stressing listening for lung filling, long-term lung disease, and fluid build-up, plus looks, touches, and taps to blend breath sounds with breathing trouble checks in Botswana.
Inspection of work of breathingChest wall expansion and tactile fremitusPercussion for hyperresonance or dullnessNormal versus abnormal breath soundsCrackles, wheezes, and rhonchi patternsSigns of pleural effusion and consolidation
