Lesson 1Integration of reversible causes (Hs and Ts) into resuscitation and targeted diagnosticsThis section stresses spotting and treating fixable causes of arrest via the Hs and Ts model, blending on-site tests, targeted fixes, and ongoing checks to tackle root issues and enhance resuscitation results in the field.
Systematic review of Hs and Ts causesBedside clues to hypoxia and hypovolemiaRecognizing acidosis, hypo/hyperkalemiaIdentifying tension pneumothorax and tamponadeSuspecting toxins, thrombosis, and traumaUsing ultrasound and labs to guide treatmentLesson 2Defibrillation protocols: PAD, immediate analysis, shock intervals, energy settingsThis section covers safe and effective defibrillation, including public access defibrillator use, quick rhythm checks, deciding on shockable vs non-shockable, energy choices for single and dual-phase gear, shock timing, and cutting down pauses before and after shocks.
Indications for defibrillation in cardiac arrestPAD setup, pad placement, and safety checksImmediate rhythm analysis and shock decisionsEnergy settings for biphasic and monophasicCoordinating shocks with ongoing compressionsPost-shock rhythm reassessment and actionsLesson 3Vascular access and medication delivery: IV/IO placement, drug selection, dosing, timing for epinephrine, amiodarone/lidocaineThis section outlines setting up IV or intraosseous access in arrest situations, picking suitable spots and devices, choosing and dosing revival meds, timing epinephrine and anti-arrhythmics, and ensuring safe, precise med delivery and records.
Choosing IV versus IO access during arrestIV and IO insertion sites and techniquesEpinephrine dosing and timing by rhythmAmiodarone and lidocaine indicationsFlushing, infusion, and line patency checksMedication tracking and double-check systemsLesson 4Immediate scene management and 60-second primary actions (scene safety, call for help, BLS chain activation)This section details the first 60 seconds on scene, focusing on responder safety, fast cardiac arrest detection, kicking off the basic life support chain, early ambulance call, and instant life-saving steps to avoid hold-ups in solid CPR and defibrillation.
Scene safety and personal protective equipmentRapid assessment of responsiveness and breathingActivating ambulance and BLS response systemsPositioning patient and preparing for CPRCoordinating bystanders during first minuteLesson 5High-performance BLS: compression rate, depth, hand placement, minimizing interruptionsThis section targets delivering quality basic life support, covering right compression speed, depth, recoil, and hand spots, reducing stops, mixing in breaths, swapping compressors, and using feedback tools to maximise blood flow in arrest.
Optimal compression rate and depth targetsCorrect hand placement and body mechanicsEnsuring full chest recoil and avoiding leaningMinimizing pauses and managing rhythm checksCoordinating compressions with ventilationsUsing CPR feedback devices and metronomesLesson 6Cardiac rhythm recognition and algorithm application: VF/VT, PEA, asystole decision pathwaysThis section trains learners to identify main arrest rhythms like VF, pulseless VT, PEA, and asystole, and apply advanced cardiac life support algorithms, weaving in rhythm checks, shock calls, med timing, and constant rechecks in a planned method.
ECG features of VF and pulseless VTIdentifying PEA and true asystoleShockable versus nonshockable pathwaysTiming rhythm checks with compressionsIntegrating drugs into rhythm algorithmsCommon rhythm interpretation pitfallsLesson 7Advanced airway management in ALS: indications, sequence (OPA/NPA, SAD, endotracheal intubation), confirmation and continuous waveform capnographyThis section handles advanced airway options in advanced life support, including when to use, step-by-step OPA, NPA, and supraglottic devices, endotracheal tube method, confirmation via ongoing waveform capnography, and fixing airway issues.
Selecting basic versus advanced airway devicesOPA and NPA sizing, insertion, and pitfallsSupraglottic airway placement and fixationEndotracheal intubation steps and safetyWaveform capnography for tube confirmationManaging airway obstruction and dislodgementLesson 8Termination of resuscitation: criteria, documentation, family communication, and safe handover to emergency departmentThis section explains when and how to end resuscitation, covering clinical and legal standards, organised records, caring family talks, and safe, teamed handover to emergency department or other care groups.
Field and in-hospital termination criteriaAssessing futility and likelihood of survivalRequired medical and legal documentationCommunicating death and prognosis to familiesCoordinating handover with emergency departmentLesson 9Team roles, closed-loop communication, leadership during resuscitation, task allocation and timingThis section builds strong resuscitation teams, stressing clear role assignments, closed-loop comms, leadership under pressure, task order, timing of key fixes, and debriefs to lift performance and patient results.
Assigning clear roles before and during arrestPrinciples of closed-loop communicationLeadership behaviors under high stressCoordinating tasks and intervention timingManaging conflicts and cognitive overloadStructured post-event debriefing methods
